Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 6: Problem 6.17 (page 231)

Draw the structure for the transition state in each reaction.

a.

b.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Answer

a.

b.

Step by step solution

01

Step-by-Step SolutionStep 1: Transition state

The imaginary short-lived state that exists between the reactants and products of a reaction i.e., a transition state partially exists as a reactant and partially as a product.

02

The transition state of reaction a

In the given reaction, the cleavage of the bond between the carbon and oxygen atom of the reactant species yields the products (the carbocation and water molecule).

The structure of the transition state in the given reaction is:

The transition state of reaction a

03

The transition state of reaction b

In the given reaction, the transition state involves the cleavage of the bond between the oxygen and hydrogen atom of the reactant (alcohol) and the formation of a bond between the hydrogen (from the alcohol) and the oxygen atom of the hydroxide group.

The structure of the transition state in the given reaction is:

The transition state of reaction b

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Label each statement as true or false. Correct any false statement to make it true.

a. Increasing temperature increases reaction rate.

b. If a reaction is fast, it has a large rate constant.

c. A fast reaction has a large negative ∆G°value.

d. When Eais large, the rate constant k is also large.

e. Fast reactions have equilibrium constants > 1.

f. Increasing the concentration of a reactant always increases the rate of a reaction.

Consider the following reaction: CH4+Cl·→·CH3+HCl.

a. Use curved arrows to show the movement of electrons.

b. Calculate ∆H°using the bond dissociation energies in Table 6.2.

c. Draw an energy diagram assuming that Ea=16kJ/mol.

d. What is Eafor the reverse reaction (·CH3+HCl→CH4+Cl·)?

As we will learn in Section 15.12, many antioxidants—compounds that prevent unwanted radical oxidation reactions from occurring—are phenols, compounds that contain an OH group bonded directly to a benzene ring.

  1. Explain why homolysis of the O-H bond in phenol requires considerably less energy than homolysis of the O-H bond in ethanol (362 kJ/mol vs 438 kJ/mol).
  2. Why is the C-O bond in phenol shorter than C-O bond in ethanol?

Indicate which factors affect the rate of a reaction.

  1. ∆G°
  2. ∆H°
  3. Ea
  4. Temperature
  5. concentration
  6. width="28">Keq
  7. k
  8. Catalysts

The Diels–Alder reaction, a powerful reaction discussed in Chapter 16, occurs when a 1,3- diene such as A reacts with an alkene such as B to form the six-membered ring in C.

a. Draw curved arrows to show how A and B react to form C.

b. What bonds are broken and formed in this reaction?

c. Would you expect this reaction to be endothermic or exothermic?

d. Does entropy favor the reactants or products?

e. Is the Diels–Alder reaction a substitution, elimination, or addition?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free