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Chapter 6: Problem 6.17 (page 231)

Draw the structure for the transition state in each reaction.

a.

b.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Answer

a.

b.

Step by step solution

01

Step-by-Step SolutionStep 1: Transition state

The imaginary short-lived state that exists between the reactants and products of a reaction i.e., a transition state partially exists as a reactant and partially as a product.

02

The transition state of reaction a

In the given reaction, the cleavage of the bond between the carbon and oxygen atom of the reactant species yields the products (the carbocation and water molecule).

The structure of the transition state in the given reaction is:

The transition state of reaction a

03

The transition state of reaction b

In the given reaction, the transition state involves the cleavage of the bond between the oxygen and hydrogen atom of the reactant (alcohol) and the formation of a bond between the hydrogen (from the alcohol) and the oxygen atom of the hydroxide group.

The structure of the transition state in the given reaction is:

The transition state of reaction b

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The following is a concerted, bimolecular reaction:CH3+NaCN→CH3CN+NaBr.

a. What is the rate equation for this reaction?

b. What happens to the rate of the reaction if[CH3Br] is doubled?

c. What happens to the rate of the reaction if [NaCN] is halved?

d. What happens to the rate of the reaction if [CH3Br] and [NaCN] are both increased by a factor of five?

Consider the following two-step reaction:

a. How many bonds are broken and formed in Step [1]? Would you predict ∆H°of Step [1] to be positive or negative?

b. How many bonds are broken and formed in Step [2]? Would you predict the ∆H°of Step [2] to be positive or negative?

c. Which step is rate-determining?

d. Draw the structure for the transition state in both steps of the mechanism.

e. If ∆H°overallis negative for this two-step reaction, draw an energy diagram illustrating all of the information in parts (a)–(d).

For each rate equation, what effect does the indicated concentration change have on the overall rate of the reaction?

[1] rate=k[CH3CH2Br][-OH]

  1. tripling the concentration of CH3CH2Bronly
  2. tripling the concentration of – OH only
  3. tripling the concentration of both CH3CH2Br and – OH

[2]role="math" localid="1648280223497" rate=k[(CH3)3COH]

  1. doubling the concentration of (CH3)3COH
  2. increasing the concentration of (CH3)3COH by a factor of 10

Calculate ΔH° for each reaction.

  1. HO·+CH4→.CH3+H2O
  2. CH3OH+HBr→CH3Br+H2O

Consider the following energy diagram for the conversion of A→G.

a. Which points on the graph correspond to transition states?

b. Which points on the graph correspond to reactive intermediates?

c. How many steps are present in the reaction mechanism?

d. Label each step of the mechanism as endothermic or exothermic.

e. Label the overall reaction as endothermic or exothermic.
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