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Chapter 6: Problem 6.28 (page 241)

Classify each transformation as substitution, elimination, or addition.

a.

b.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Answer

  1. Elimination reaction
  2. Addition reaction

Step by step solution

01

Step-by-Step SolutionStep 1: Substitution Reaction

The reactions that involve the replacement/substitution of a group or atom by another is termed substitution reaction.

02

Addition and Elimination Reactions

The addition of atoms or groups of atoms to a substrate is termed an addition reaction, and the removal or elimination of atoms/groups of atoms from a substrate is termed an elimination reaction.

03

Classifying the given reactions

a. The reaction ‘a’ involves the elimination of H2OH+OHfrom the starting material leading to the formation of a pi bond in the product.


Elimination reaction in a.

Therefore, the given reaction is an elimination reaction.

b. The given reaction involves the addition of hydrogen and a hydroxyl group to the carbonyl carbon leading to the conversion of the pi bond to two sigma bonds.

Addition reaction in b.

The given reaction is an addition reaction.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Homolysis of the indicated C-H bond in propene forms a resonance-stabilized radical.

  1. Draw the two possible resonance structures for this radical.
  2. Use half-headed curved arrows to illustrate how one resonance structure can be converted to the other.
  3. Draw a structure for the resonance hybrid.

Compound A can be converted to either B or C. The energy diagrams for both processes are drawn on the graph below.

  1. Label each reaction as endothermic or exothermic.
  2. Which reaction is faster?
  3. Which reaction generates the product lower in energy?
  4. Which points on the graphs correspond to transition states?
  5. Label the energy of activation for each reaction.
  6. Label the ∆H° for each reaction.

a. Which value corresponds to a negative value of ∆G°:Keq=10-2or Keq=102?

b. In a unimolecular reaction with five times as much starting material as product at equilibrium, what is the value of Keq? Is ∆G°positive or negative?

c. Which value corresponds to a larger Keq: ∆G°=-8kJ/molor ∆G°=20kJ/mol?

The Diels–Alder reaction, a powerful reaction discussed in Chapter 16, occurs when a 1,3- diene such as A reacts with an alkene such as B to form the six-membered ring in C.

a. Draw curved arrows to show how A and B react to form C.

b. What bonds are broken and formed in this reaction?

c. Would you expect this reaction to be endothermic or exothermic?

d. Does entropy favor the reactants or products?

e. Is the Diels–Alder reaction a substitution, elimination, or addition?

Draw the structure for the transition state in each reaction.

a.

b.
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