Chapter 1: Problem 4
Classify each bond as nonpolar covalent or polar covalent or state that ions are formed. (a) \(\mathrm{S}-\mathrm{H}\) (b) \(\mathrm{P}-\mathrm{H}\) (c) \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{F}\) (d) \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{Cl}\)
Chapter 1: Problem 4
Classify each bond as nonpolar covalent or polar covalent or state that ions are formed. (a) \(\mathrm{S}-\mathrm{H}\) (b) \(\mathrm{P}-\mathrm{H}\) (c) \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{F}\) (d) \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{Cl}\)
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Get started for freeDraw structural formulas for (a) The eight alcohols with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}\). (b) The eight aldehydes with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}\). (c) The six ketones with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}\). (d) The eight carboxylic acids with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{2}\). (e) The nine carboxylic esters with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}_{2}\). \(\mathbf{1 . 4 8}\) Identify the functional groups in each compound.
Which statements are true about resonance contributing structures? (a) All contributing structures must have the same number of valence electrons. (b) All contributing structures must have the same arrangement of atoms. (c) All atoms in a contributing structure must have complete valence shells. (d) All bond angles in sets of contributing structures must be the same.
Identify the atom that has each ground-state electron configuration. (a) \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{4}\) (b) \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{4}\)
What is the meaning of the term tertiary \(\left(3^{\circ}\right)\) when it is used to classify alcohols? Draw a structural formula for the one tertiary \(\left(3^{\circ}\right)\) alcohol with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O} .\)
Show how each chemical change leads to a stable octet. (a) Sulfur forms \(\mathrm{S}^{2-}\). (b) Magnesium forms \(\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\).
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