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Chapter 1: Problem 41

Draw Lewis structures for these functional groups. Be certain to show all valence electrons on each. (a) Carbonyl group (b) Carboxyl group (c) Hydroxyl group (d) Ester group (e) Amide group

Short Answer

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Question: Draw the Lewis structure for the following functional groups: (a) Carbonyl group, (b) Carboxyl group, (c) Hydroxyl group, (d) Ester group, and (e) Amide group. Answer: (a) Carbonyl group: C=O (b) Carboxyl group: O=C-O-H (c) Hydroxyl group: O-H (d) Ester group: R-C(=O)-O-R' (e) Amide group: R-C(=O)-N-H-H

Step by step solution

01

(a) Carbonyl group

The carbonyl group consists of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom. To draw its Lewis structure, start by placing the carbon atom in the center and the oxygen atom to the right side of the carbon atom. Then, draw a double bond between the carbon and oxygen atom. Finally, fill in the remaining valence electrons around the oxygen atom making sure every atom has a full outer shell. The carbonyl group Lewis structure: C=O
02

(b) Carboxyl group

The carboxyl group consists of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and single bonded to a hydroxyl (-OH) group. Start by placing the carbon atom in the center with an oxygen atom on the right side and a single bonded oxygen atom on the left side. Draw a double bond between the carbon and oxygen atom on the right side and a single bond between the carbon and oxygen atom on the left side. Attach the hydrogen atom to the oxygen atom on the left side with a single bond. Complete the structure by filling in the remaining valence electrons around the oxygen atoms. The carboxyl group Lewis structure: O=C-O-H
03

(c) Hydroxyl group

The hydroxyl group consists of an oxygen atom single bonded to a hydrogen atom. To draw its Lewis structure, simply place the oxygen atom in the center and attach the hydrogen atom to it with a single bond. Fill in the remaining valence electrons around the oxygen atom to complete the structure. The hydroxyl group Lewis structure: O-H
04

(d) Ester group

An ester group consists of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and a single bond to another oxygen atom, which in turn is connected to another carbon atom. Start by placing the central carbon atom and linking it to the other atoms as described. Fill in the remaining valence electrons around the oxygen atoms to complete the structure. The ester group Lewis structure: R-C(=O)-O-R' (where R and R' represent organic parts of the molecule)
05

(e) Amide group

The amide group consists of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom, a single bond to a nitrogen atom, and, in turn, the nitrogen atom is bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Begin by drawing the initial structure with the appropriate bonds between atoms. Finally, fill in the remaining valence electrons around the oxygen and nitrogen atoms to complete the structure. The amide group Lewis structure: R-C(=O)-N-H-H (where R represents the organic part of the molecule)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Identify the atom that has each ground-state electron configuration. (a) \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{6} 3 s^{2} 3 p^{4}\) (b) \(1 s^{2} 2 s^{2} 2 p^{4}\)

Define valence shell and valence electron.

Using the symbols \(\delta-\) and \(\delta+\), indicate the direction of polarity in each polar covalent bond. (a) \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{N}\) (b) \(\mathrm{N}-\mathrm{O}\) (c) \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{Cl}\)

Describe the bonding in these molecules in terms of hybridization of \(\mathrm{C}\) and \(\mathrm{N}\), and the types of bonds between carbon and nitrogen, and if there are any lone pairs, describe what type of orbital contains these electrons. (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}_{2}\) (b) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{NH}_{2}\)

Following are several Lewis structures showing all valence electrons. Assign formal charges in each structure as appropriate. A. B. C. D. E. F.
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