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Chapter 1: Problem 43

What is the meaning of the term tertiary \(\left(3^{\circ}\right)\) when it is used to classify alcohols? Draw a structural formula for the one tertiary \(\left(3^{\circ}\right)\) alcohol with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O} .\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The structural formula of a tertiary alcohol with the molecular formula C4H10O is: ``` H | CH3 - C - CH3 | CH3 | OH ``` This molecule is called 2-Methyl-2-propanol (or tert-Butanol).

Step by step solution

01

1. Define Tertiary Alcohol

A tertiary alcohol is an alcohol where the hydroxyl group (-OH) is bonded to a carbon atom that is itself connected to three other carbon atoms. In other words, the carbon holding the hydroxyl group is bonded to three alkyl groups.
02

2. Identify the Molecular Formula

The molecular formula given for the tertiary alcohol is C4H10O, which means it has 4 carbon atoms, 10 hydrogen atoms, and 1 oxygen atom.
03

3. Determine the Structure of the Tertiary Alcohol

Since we know that the tertiary alcohol has 4 carbon atoms and must have a carbon atom holding the hydroxyl group connected to three other carbon atoms, we can determine a possible structure. Starting with the carbon holding the hydroxyl group, we can add the three carbon atoms around it, forming a central carbon with three methyl groups (CH3) attached to it. The structure will be like this: H | C - C - C - C | | H H | -OH
04

4. Draw the Structural Formula

Based on the structure we determined, the structural formula for the tertiary alcohol with the molecular formula C4H10O is: ``` H | CH3 - C - CH3 | CH3 | OH ``` This molecule is called 2-Methyl-2-propanol (or tert-Butanol).

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