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Chapter 10: Problem 20

Make a new bond between a nucleophile and an electrophile. Reaction of the \(3^{*}\) carbocation (an electrophile) with chloride ion (a nucleophile) gives the so haloalkane.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The product formed in this reaction is a haloalkane (R3C-Cl), and the reaction mechanism involved is an SN1 nucleophilic substitution.

Step by step solution

01

1. Understand the chemicals involved

First, let's identify the chemical species involved in the reaction: - A \(3^{*}\) carbocation is an electrophile, meaning it has a positively charged carbon atom that is seeking an electron pair. - Chloride ion (Cl-) is a nucleophile, meaning it is a negatively charged species that can donate an electron pair to an electrophile.
02

2. Identify the reaction mechanism

In this reaction, the nucleophile (chloride ion) will donate an electron pair to the electrophile (\(3^{*}\) carbocation) to form a new bond. This process is called nucleophilic substitution, specifically, it is an SN1 reaction since the electrophile is a \(3^{*}\) carbocation. Here, the nucleophile attacks the electrophilic center and forms the new bond, creating the haloalkane.
03

3. Show the nucleophilic attack step

For this step, we represent the nucleophile and electrophile with their respective Lewis structures: Nucleophile (chloride ion): Cl- Electrophile (\(3^{*}\) carbocation): R3C+ In the nucleophilic attack step, the chloride ion donates its electron pair to the carbon atom of the carbocation: Cl- + R3C+ -> R3C-Cl This arrow represents the movement of electrons from the nucleophile to the electrophile.
04

4. Formation of the product

Once the electron pair is transferred from the chloride ion (nucleophile) to the carbon atom of the carbocation (electrophile), a new covalent bond is formed between the carbon and the chloride atom. The product of this reaction is called a haloalkane: R3C-Cl In summary, the reaction of the \(3^{*}\) carbocation (an electrophile) with the chloride ion (a nucleophile) gives the haloalkane through an SN1 nucleophilic substitution mechanism.

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