Reaction of the glycol with periodic acid gives a fivemembered cyclic periodate. A cyclic perriodate

The first step is to recognize the molecules involved in the reaction. Glycol refers to ethylene glycol, which has the chemical formula HO-CH2-CH2-OH. Periodic acid is HIO4, a strong oxidizing agent that can cleave carbon-carbon bonds in certain molecules.

In this reaction, a molecule of ethylene glycol will react with a molecule of periodic acid. The two hydroxyl groups (-OH) on the ethylene glycol are susceptible to the oxidizing action of the periodic acid, leading to the cleavage of the carbon-carbon bond and the formation of a five-membered cyclic periodate.

Before illustrating the reaction mechanism, it's essential to draw the structures of the molecules involved. Ethylene glycol (glycol): HO-CH2-CH2-OH Periodic acid (HIO4): ``` O || I-O-H || O ```

Here we'll show the step-by-step reaction mechanism between ethylene glycol and periodic acid. 1. Two lone pairs of oxygen from each hydroxyl group of ethylene glycol attack the central iodine atom of periodic acid, forming a bond between both oxygen and iodine atoms. ``` O || H-O-CH2-CH2-O-H + H-I-O-H ---> H-O-CH2-CH2-O-H | | || I O I-O-H || O ``` 2. The L➤H-O-IO3 bond breaks, leaving the iodine with a positive charge and creating a water molecule as a leaving group. ``` O || H-O-CH2-CH2-O-H || | || H-IO3 O-I (+) ``` 3. The oxygen that is still connected to the iodine forms a bond with the positively charged iodine atom, creating a five-membered ring with a periodate structure. ``` O || H-O-CH2-CH2-O-H \ \ I====O || O ``` 4. Rearrangement of the periodate in the ring through the migration of a double bond, resulting in the final five-membered cyclic periodate. ``` O || O-I-CH2-CH2-O-H \\ | || --O--- ``` This is a detailed explanation of how the reaction of glycol (ethylene glycol) with periodic acid leads to the formation of a five-membered cyclic periodate.