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Chapter 2: Problem 25

Draw structural formulas for all the following. (a) Alcohols with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\) (b) Aldehydes with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}\) (c) Ketones with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\) (d) Carboxylic acids with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}_{2}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The functional group found in aldehydes is the -CHO group. The possible structural formulas for aldehydes with the molecular formula C4H8O are 1) H₃C-CH₂-CH₂-CHO (butanal) and 2) H₃C-CH(CHO)-CH₃ (2-methylpropanal).

Step by step solution

01

Recognize Functional Groups for Each Organic Compound

In order to be able to draw the structural formulas, it's essential to understand the functional groups for each type of organic compound. - Alcohols have the functional group -OH (hydroxyl group). - Aldehydes have the functional group -CHO (carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen atom). - Ketones have the functional group -C(=O)- where the carbonyl group is bonded to two other carbon atoms. - Carboxylic acids have the functional group -COOH (carboxyl group).
02

Draw the Structural Formulas for Alcohols with the Molecular Formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\)

The possible structural formulas include: 1. \(\mathrm{H}_{3}\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{OH}\) (1-butanol) 2. \(\mathrm{H}_{3}\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}(\mathrm{OH})-\mathrm{CH}_{3}\) (2-butanol) 3. \(\mathrm{H}_{3}\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{OH})(\mathrm{CH}_{3})-\mathrm{CH}_{3}\) (2-methyl-2-propanol)
03

Draw the Structural Formulas for Aldehydes with the Molecular Formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}\)

The possible structural formulas include: 1. \(\mathrm{H}_{3}\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CHO}\) (butanal) 2. \(\mathrm{H}_{3}\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{CH}(\mathrm{CHO})-\mathrm{CH}_{3}\) (2-methylpropanal)
04

Draw the Structural Formulas for Ketones with the Molecular Formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}\)

The possible structural formulas include: 1. \(\mathrm{H}_{3}\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{CH}_{3})=\mathrm{O}\) (pentan-2-one) 2. \(\mathrm{H}_{3}\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}_{3})(\mathrm{CH}_{3})=\mathrm{O}\) (3-methylbutan-2-one)
05

Draw the Structural Formulas for Carboxylic Acids with the Molecular Formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}_{2}\)

The possible structural formulas include: 1. \(\mathrm{H}_{3}\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{COOH}\) (pentanoic acid) 2. \(\mathrm{H}_{3}\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{CH}(\mathrm{COOH})-\mathrm{CH}_{3}\) (3-methylbutanoic acid) 3. \(\mathrm{H}_{3}\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{COOH})(\mathrm{CH}_{3})-\mathrm{CH}_{3}\) (2-methylbutanoic acid)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Following are the structural formulas and names of four bicycloalkanes. Write the molecular formula of each compound. Which of these compounds are constitutional isomers?

Using a planar pentagon representation for the cyclopentane ring, draw structural formulas for the cis and trans isomers of the following. (a) 1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane (b) 1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane

Write the molecular formula of each alkane. (a) CCCC(C(C)C)C(C)C (b) CC(C)(C)C(C)(C)C (c) CCCC(CCC)C(C)(C)C

What structural feature of cycloalkanes makes cis, trans isomerism in them possible?

Assume for the purposes of this problem that, to be an alcohol (-ol) or an amine (-amine), the hydroxyl or amino group must be bonded to a tetrahedral ( \(s p^{3}\) hybridized) carbon atom. Write the structural formula of a compound with an unbranched chain of four carbon atoms that is an: (a) Alkane (b) Alkene (c) Alkyne (d) Alkanol (e) Alkenol (f) Alkynol (g) Alkanamine (h) Alkenamine (i) Alkynamine (j) Alkanal (k) Alkenal (I) Alkynal (m) Alkanone (n) Alkenone (o) Alkynone (p) Alkanoic acid (q) Alkenoic acid (r) Alkynoic acid
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