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Chapter 23: Problem 18

An ion containing a nitrogen atom bonded to axy combination of four alkyl or aryl groups is classified as a quaternary (4") ammonium ion. Compounds containing such ions have properties characteristic of salts. Cetylpyridinium chloride is used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.

Short Answer

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Answer: Cetylpyridinium chloride is a compound that contains a quaternary ammonium ion, with the structure CH3-(CH2)15-N+(C5H5) Cl-. It is used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant in personal care products such as mouthwashes and throat lozenges, as it effectively disrupts bacterial cell membranes and prevents their growth.

Step by step solution

01

Quaternary ammonium ions are nitrogen atoms bonded to a combination of four alkyl or aryl groups. These compounds are positively charged (cationic) with a nitrogen center. The positively charged nitrogen atom can form a salt by associating with a negatively charged anion. #Step 2: Quaternary Ammonium Ion Structure#

In a quaternary ammonium ion, the nitrogen atom is bonded to four organic groups (alkyl or aryl). General structure of a quaternary ammonium ion is given as: R1-R2-R3-R4-N^+ Where R1, R2, R3, and R4 are alkyl or aryl groups. Due to the presence of a positive charge on the nitrogen atom, a quaternary ammonium ion can form a salt with a negatively charged anion. #Step 3: Cetylpyridinium Chloride Structure#
02

Cetylpyridinium chloride is a compound that contains a quaternary ammonium ion. Its structure is as follows: Cetyl group: CH3-(CH2)15- Pyridinium group: C5H5N It forms a salt with the negatively charged chloride ion (Cl-). The complete structure of cetylpyridinium chloride is: CH3-(CH2)15-N+(C5H5) Cl- #Step 4: Uses of Cetylpyridinium Chloride#

Compounds containing quaternary ammonium ions, such as cetylpyridinium chloride, have properties characteristic of salts. Cetylpyridinium chloride is used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant, which can be found in mouthwashes, throat lozenges, and other personal care products. It works by disrupting the bacterial cell membrane, leading to the death of bacteria and preventing their growth. This makes cetylpyridinium chloride an effective antibacterial agent.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

An amine in which the nitrogen atom is part of a ring is classified as a heterocyclic amine. When the nitrogen is part of an aromatic ring (Section 21.2D), the amine is classified as a beterocyclic aromatic amine. Following are structural for mulas for two heterocyclic aliphatic amines and two heterocyclic aromatic amines.

Write structural formulas for these amines. (a) Isobutylamine (b) Triphenylamine (c) Diixspropylamine

IUPAC nomenclature retains the common name aniline for \(\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{e}} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{NH}_{2}\), the simplest arcanatic amine. Its simple derinatives are named using the prefixes \(o, w\), and \(p\), or numbers to locate substituents. Several derivatives of aniline have common names that are still widely used. Among these are tolusdine for a methyd-suhatitusted aniline and anisidine for a methoxyl-substituted aniline.

An N-HNN hydrogen bond is weaker thiun an \(\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{H}-\mathrm{O}\) hydrogen bond because the difference in electronegativity hetween nitrogen and hydrogen \((3.0\) \(2.1=0.9)\) is less than that between oxygen and hydrogen \((3.5-2.1-1.4)\). The ef= fect of intermolecular hyvlrogen bonding can be illustrated by comparing the boiling points of methylamine and methamol. Both are polar molecules and interact in the pure liquid hy hydroggen bonding. Because hydrogen bonding is stronger in methanol than in methylamine, methanol has the: higher boiling point.

Aromatic amines are considerahly weaker hases than aliphatic amines. Compare, for example, values of \(\mathrm{p} K_{\mathrm{a}}\) for aniline and cyclohexylamine. The ionization constant for the conjugate acid of aniline is lasger (the smaller the value of \(\mathrm{p} K_{\mathrm{a}}\), the weaker the base) than that for cyclohexylamine by a factor of \(10^{6}\).
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