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Chapter 23: Problem 2

Amines are further divided into aliphatic and aromatic amines. In an aliphatic amine, all carbons bonded to nitrogen are derived from alkyl groups; in an aromatic amine, one or more of the groups bonded to nitrogen are aryl groups.

Short Answer

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Answer: The key differences between aliphatic and aromatic amines are that aliphatic amines have all carbons bonded to nitrogen derived from non-aromatic alkyl groups, while aromatic amines have one or more groups bonded to nitrogen containing aromatic carbon structures. Aliphatic amines are generally less stable than aromatic amines due to the absence of resonance stabilization provided by an aromatic ring structure. Examples of aliphatic amines are methylamine and ethylamine, while examples of aromatic amines are aniline and N-methylaniline.

Step by step solution

01

Defining aliphatic amines

Aliphatic amines are organic compounds in which a nitrogen atom is bonded to one or more alkyl groups, which are derived from alkanes. In other words, all the carbons directly connected to the nitrogen atom are part of non-aromatic carbon chains.
02

Defining aromatic amines

Aromatic amines, also known as aryl amines or anilines, are organic compounds in which a nitrogen atom is bonded to one or more aryl groups, which are derived from aromatic structures such as benzene. This means that at least one of the groups bonded to the nitrogen atom contains a ring of carbon atoms with alternating single and double bonds, following the rules of aromaticity.
03

Key features of aliphatic amines

Some key features and properties of aliphatic amines include: 1. Aliphatic amines are generally less stable than aromatic amines due to the absence of resonance stabilization provided by an aromatic ring structure. 2. They act as bases due to the presence of a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.
04

Key features of aromatic amines

Some key features and properties of aromatic amines include: 1. Aromatic amines are generally more stable than aliphatic amines due to the resonance stabilization provided by the aromatic ring. 2. They also act as bases due to the presence of a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.
05

Examples of aliphatic and aromatic amines

Here are some examples of aliphatic and aromatic amines: Aliphatic amines: 1. Methylamine (CH3NH2): Nitrogen atom is bonded to a methyl group (CH3) and has two hydrogen atoms. 2. Ethylamine (C2H5NH2): Nitrogen atom is bonded to an ethyl group (C2H5) and has two hydrogen atoms. Aromatic amines: 1. Aniline (C6H5NH2): Nitrogen atom is bonded to a phenyl group (C6H5) and has two hydrogen atoms. 2. N-methylaniline (C6H5NHCH3): Nitrogen atom is bonded to a phenyl group (C6H5) and a methyl group (CH3). In summary, aliphatic amines have all carbons bonded to nitrogen derived from alkyl groups, whereas aromatic amines have one or more of the groups bonded to nitrogen containing aromatic carbon structures.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

An ion containing a nitrogen atom bonded to axy combination of four alkyl or aryl groups is classified as a quaternary (4") ammonium ion. Compounds containing such ions have properties characteristic of salts. Cetylpyridinium chloride is used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.

Write structural formulas for these amines. (a) Isobutylamine (b) Triphenylamine (c) Diixspropylamine

An amine in which the nitrogen atom is part of a ring is classified as a heterocyclic amine. When the nitrogen is part of an aromatic ring (Section 21.2D), the amine is classified as a beterocyclic aromatic amine. Following are structural for mulas for two heterocyclic aliphatic amines and two heterocyclic aromatic amines.

The hasicitydecreasing effect of nitro substitution in the s-position is almost entirely the result of its inductive effect, whereas that of nitro substitution in the 4.position is attributable to both inductive and resonance effects. In the case of para suhstitution (as well as ortho substitution), delocalization of the lone pair on the amino nitrogen involves not only the carbons of the aromatic ring but alwo oxy gen atoms of the nitro group.

Common names for most aliphatic amines are derived by listing the alkyl groups bonded to nitrogen in alphabetical order in one word ending in the suffix awine, that ix, they are named as alkylamines.
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