Vitamin \(\mathbf{E}\) is a group of compounds of similar structure, the most active of which is \(\alpha\)-tocopherol. In the body, vitamin \(\mathrm{E}\) functions as an antioxidant by trapping peroxy radicals.

Vitamin E is a group of compounds of similar structure. The most active compound of Vitamin E is alpha-tocopherol. These compounds are essential for various bodily functions and overall health.

Antioxidants are substances that help protect our cells from damage caused by harmful molecules known as free radicals. Free radicals are produced by our body as a result of natural processes or from external sources like pollution, radiation, and cigarette smoke. Excessive amounts of free radicals can lead to oxidative stress, which contributes to the development of various diseases and the aging process.

Peroxy radicals are one type of free radicals that contain an oxygen-oxygen bond. These highly reactive molecules have unpaired electrons, making them unstable and readily reacting with other molecules like cellular components, causing damage to cells and tissues.

Vitamin E functions as an antioxidant by trapping peroxy radicals in the body. It does this by donating a hydrogen atom from its hydroxyl group to the peroxy radical, effectively neutralizing the free radical and breaking the oxygen-oxygen bond.

1. A peroxy radical approaches the Vitamin E molecule. 2. The Vitamin E molecule, specifically alpha-tocopherol, possesses a hydroxyl group. 3. The alpha-tocopherol donates the hydrogen atom from its hydroxyl group to the peroxy radical. 4. As a result, the peroxy radical is neutralized, and the harmful oxygen-oxygen bond is broken. 5. After donating the hydrogen atom, the alpha-tocopherol becomes a free radical itself. 6. However, the alpha-tocopherol free radical formed is less reactive, and it can be recycled back to its original antioxidant state by other antioxidants like Vitamin C. With this step-by-step process, we see how Vitamin E, particularly alpha-tocopherol, functions as an antioxidant, protecting the body from the harmful effects of peroxy radicals and other free radicals.