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Chapter 26: Problem 49

How does the presence of unsaturated fatty acids contribute to the fluidity of biological membranes?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The presence of unsaturated fatty acids introduces 'kinks' in their structures, which prevents them from packing as tightly together as saturated fatty acids. This increased fluidity enables better functionality of the membrane, ensuring effective communication, nutrient exchange, and structural integrity.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Fatty Acids and Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids are the building blocks of fats in our body. There are two types: saturated and unsaturated. Saturated fatty acids have single bonds between all the carbon atoms and are filled to their maximum capacity with hydrogen atoms. Unsaturated fatty acids, on the other hand, have at least one double bond between carbon atoms, causing a 'kink' in their structure.
02

Understanding the Structure of Biological Membranes

Biological membranes are primarily composed of a phospholipid bilayer, which consists of two layers of phospholipid molecules. Each phospholipid molecule contains a hydrophilic head (in contact with water) and a hydrophobic tail (fatty acids). These tails are either saturated or unsaturated.
03

The Effect of the 'Kink' in Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Membrane Fluidity

The 'kink' in the structure of unsaturated fatty acids prevents them from packing as tightly together as saturated fatty acids. This leads to a more fluid and flexible membrane due to the presence of more space between the molecules.
04

The Importance of Membrane Fluidity

The fluidity of a biological membrane is essential for its function. A fluid membrane allows proteins to move within the membrane and enables effective communication among cells, effective nutrient exchange, and cellular flexibility. In addition, optimal fluidity helps maintain the structural integrity of the membrane and protects it from breaking apart under external stresses.
05

Conclusion

The presence of unsaturated fatty acids contributes to the fluidity of biological membranes by introducing 'kinks' in their structures, which prevents them from packing as tightly together as saturated fatty acids. This increased fluidity enables better functionality of the membrane, ensuring effective communication, nutrient exchange, and structural integrity.

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