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Chapter 28: Problem 16

Draw a structural formula of the DNA tetranucleotide \(5^{\prime}\)-A-G-C-T-3'. Estimate the net charge on this tetranucleotide at \(\mathrm{pH} 7.0\). What is the complementary tetranucleotide to this sequence?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The complementary tetranucleotide sequence to the DNA tetranucleotide 5'-A-G-C-T-3' is 5'-T-C-G-A-3'. The net charge on the tetranucleotide at pH 7.0 is -2.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the DNA structure and base pairing

DNA is a double-stranded molecule composed of two long chains of nucleotide units. Each nucleotide unit is composed of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases: Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), or Thymine (T). DNA strand has a directionality, 5' to 3' (pronounced "five prime to three prime"). In a DNA double helix, the two chains run antiparallel to each other, and bases form hydrogen bonds between them (base pairing) following the rule: A pairs with T (forming 2 hydrogen bonds) and G pairs with C (forming 3 hydrogen bonds).
02

Draw the structural formula of the DNA tetranucleotide 5'-A-G-C-T-3'

To draw the structural formula of the DNA tetranucleotide 5'-A-G-C-T-3', we need to connect each nucleotide in the given order (A-G-C-T) from the 5'-end to the 3'-end: - 5'-A: Adenine nucleotide at the 5' end - G: Guanine nucleotide - C: Cytosine nucleotide - 3'-T: Thymine nucleotide at the 3' end Please see the attached image for the structural formula of the DNA tetranucleotide 5'-A-G-C-T-3': [attachment type="image/png" id="attached image"]
03

Estimate the net charge on the tetranucleotide at pH 7.0

At pH 7.0, each nitrogenous base can carry a charge depending on its acid-base properties. The net charge on a DNA molecule depends on the sum of the charges of its individual nucleotide units. However, since we are dealing with a neutral pH, only the phosphate groups at the ends of the molecule will be ionized (each carrying a negative charge due to the release of protons). Therefore, the net charge of the 5'-A-G-C-T-3' tetranucleotide at pH 7.0 will be: Net Charge = -1 (charge on the 5' phosphate group) - 1 (charge on the 3' phosphate group) = -2
04

Determine the complementary tetranucleotide sequence

To find the complementary tetranucleotide sequence to 5'-A-G-C-T-3', we need to use the base pairing rules: - A pairs with T - G pairs with C So, the complementary sequence will be: 5'-T-C-G-A-3'

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Compare the codons with a purine, either \(A\) or \(G\), as the second base. Do the majority of the amino acids specified by these codons have hydrophilic or hydrophobic side chains?

Draw a structural formula for the section of DNA that contains the base sequence CTG and is phosphorylated at the \(3^{\prime}\) end only.

Write the DNA complement for \(5^{\prime}\)-ACCGTTAAT-3'. Be certain to label which is the \(5^{\prime}\) end and which is the \(S^{\prime}\) end of the complement strand.

Compare the \(\alpha\)-helix of proteins and the double helix of DNA in these ways. (a) The units that repeat in the backbone of the polymer chain. (b) The projection in space of substituents along the backbone (the \(R\) groups in the case of amino acids; purine and pyrimidine bases in the case of double- stranded DNA) relative to the axis of the helix.

Codons in the set CUU, CUC, CUA, and CUG all code for the amino acid leucine. In this set, the first and second bases are identical, and the identity of the third base is irrelevant. For what other sets of codons is the third base also irrelevant, and for what amino \(\operatorname{acid}(\mathrm{s})\) does each set code?
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