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Chapter 4: Problem 25

Will carbon dioxide be evolved when sodium bicarbonate is added to an aqueous solution of each compound? Explain. (a) Sulfuric acid (b) Ethanol (c) Ammonium chloride

Short Answer

Expert verified
Explain your answer for each case. Answer: (a) Yes, carbon dioxide will be evolved when sodium bicarbonate is added to an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid because it reacts to produce a salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas. (b) No, carbon dioxide will not be evolved when sodium bicarbonate is added to an aqueous solution of ethanol because it is not an acid and has no H⁺ ions to react with sodium bicarbonate. (c) No, carbon dioxide will not be evolved when sodium bicarbonate is added to an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride as it reacts to produce sodium chloride and ammonium bicarbonate but does not evolve carbon dioxide due to the weak acidic nature of ammonium chloride.

Step by step solution

01

(Step 1: Write the general reaction of sodium bicarbonate with an acid)

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) reacts with an acid (HA) to produce a salt (NaA), water, and carbon dioxide gas. The general reaction can be written as: NaHCO₃ + HA → NaA + H₂O + CO₂ Now, let's evaluate if carbon dioxide will be evolved during each reaction.
02

(Step 2: Reaction with sulfuric acid)

Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) is a strong acid. When it reacts with sodium bicarbonate, the reaction follows the general reaction mentioned above: NaHCO₃ + H₂SO₄ → NaHSO₄ + H₂O + CO₂ In this case, carbon dioxide (CO₂) will be evolved when sodium bicarbonate is added to an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid.
03

(Step 3: Reaction with ethanol)

Ethanol (C₂H₅OH) is not an acid, so it does not have an H⁺ ion available to react with the sodium bicarbonate. Therefore, no reaction occurs between sodium bicarbonate and ethanol. In this case, carbon dioxide will not be evolved.
04

(Step 4: Reaction with ammonium chloride)

Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) is the salt of a weak acid (hydrochloric acid, HCl) and a weak base (ammonia, NH₃). When sodium bicarbonate reacts with ammonium chloride, the weak acid (HCl) and weak base (NH₃) come into play: NaHCO₃ + NH₄Cl → NaCl + NH₄HCO₃ The reaction produces sodium chloride (NaCl) and ammonium bicarbonate (NH₄HCO₃). However, due to the weak acidic nature of ammonium chloride, carbon dioxide will not be evolved in this reaction. In conclusion: (a) Carbon dioxide will be evolved when sodium bicarbonate is added to an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. (b) Carbon dioxide will not be evolved when sodium bicarbonate is added to an aqueous solution of ethanol. (c) Carbon dioxide will not be evolved when sodium bicarbonate is added to an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

For each conjugate acid-base pair, identify the first species as an acid or base and the second species as its conjugate acid or conjugate base. In addition, draw Lewis structures for each species, showing all valence electrons and any formal charges. (a) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}, \mathrm{HSO}_{4}{ }^{-}\) (b) \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}, \mathrm{NH}_{2}{ }^{-}\) (c) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}, \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{-}\)

Write an equation to show the proton transfer between each alkene or cycloalkene and HCl. Where two carbocations are possible, show each. (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CHCH}_{3}\) (b) C1=CCCCC1 2-Pentene Cyclohexene

For each pair of molecules or ions, select the stronger base, and write its Lewis structure. (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{~S}^{-}\)or \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{-}\) (b) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{NH}^{-}\)or \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{-}\) (c) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COO}^{-}\)or \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\) (d) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{O}^{-}\)or \(\mathrm{H}^{-}\) (e) \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) or \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\) (f) \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) or \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) (g) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COO}^{-}\)or \(\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\) (h) \(\mathrm{HSO}_{4}^{-}\)or \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\) (i) \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\)or \(\mathrm{Br}^{-}\)

Unless under pressure, carbonic acid \(\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\right)\) in aqueous solution breaks down into carbon dioxide and water, and carbon dioxide is evolved as bubbles of gas. Write an equation for the conversion of carbonic acid to carbon dioxide and water.

Write these reactions as proton-transfer reactions. Label which reactant is the acid and which is the base, which product is the conjugate base of the original acid, and which is the conjugate acid of the original base. In addition, write Lewis structures for each reactant and product, and use curved arrows to show the flow of electrons in each reaction. (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{SH}+\mathrm{OH}^{-} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{~S}^{-}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) (b) \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}=\mathrm{O}+\mathrm{HCl} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{CH}_{2}=\mathrm{OH}^{+}+\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\)
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