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Chapter 2: Q. 57P (page 141)

Many naturally occurring compounds contain more than one functional group. Identify the functional groups in the following compounds

  1. Penicillin G is a naturally occurring antibiotic.
  2. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that is deficient in Parkinson’s disease.
  3. Capsaicin gives the fiery taste to chili peppers.
  4. Thyroxine is the principal thyroid hormone.
  5. Testosterone is a male sex hormone.

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a)Functional groups present in penicillin G are the Amide group; carboxylic acid group; amine group, and thioether group.

(b)Functional groups present in Dopamine are the Amine group and the hydroxyl group.

(c)Functional groups present in Capsaicin are the Amide group; ether group; hydroxyl group.

(d)Functional groups present in Thyroxine are ether group; amine group; carboxylic acid group; hydroxyl group.

(e)Functional groups present in Testosterone are the carbonyl (ketone) group; hydroxyl group.

Step by step solution

01

Functional groups

Functional groups are groups of atoms in a molecule that have their own characteristic properties, irrespective of the other atoms present in a molecule. A few examples of functional groups are alcohols, amines, carboxylic acids, ketones, and ethers.

02

Functional groups in penicillin

In penicillin G, the functional groups are Amide group (-CONH); carboxylic acid group (-COOH); amine group (R-N-R), thioether group (R-S-R).

03

Functional groups in Dopamine

In Dopamine, the functional groups are the Amine group (R-NH2) and the hydroxyl group (-OH).

04

Functional groups in Capsaicin

In Capsaicin, the functional groups are the Amide group(-CONH); ether group (R-O-R); hydroxyl group (-OH).

05

Functional groups in Thyroxine

In Thyroxine are ether group(R-O-R); amine group(R-NH2); carboxylic acidgroup(-COOH); hydroxyl group(-OH).

06

Functional groups in testosterone

In Testosterone, the functional groups are the carbonyl (ketone) group (R-CO-R); hydroxyl group (-OH).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Consider the following compounds that vary from nearly nonacidic to strongly acidic. Draw the conjugate bases of these compounds and explain why the acidity increases so dramatically with substitution by nitro groups.

Which is a stronger base: cyanide ion or fluoride ion? Give pKb values (without looking them up) to support your choice.

Ethanol, methylamine, and acetic acid are all amphoteric, reacting as either acids or bases depending on the conditions.

(a) Rank ethanol, methylamine, and acetic acid in decreasing order of acidity. In each case, show the equation for the reaction with a generic base to give the conjugate base.

(b) Rank ethanol, methylamine, and acetic acid in decreasing order of basicity. In each case, show the equation for the reaction with a generic acid to give the conjugate acid.

N-Methylpyrrolidine has a boiling point of81οC, and piperidine has a boiling point of106οC.

  1. Explain the large difference (25οC) in boiling point for these two isomers.
  2. Tetrahydropyran has a boiling point of 88οC, and cyclopentanol has a boiling point of 141οC. These two isomers have a boiling point difference of 53οC.Explain why the two oxygen-containing isomers have a much larger boiling point difference than two amine isomers.
  3. N,N-Dimethylformamide has a boiling point of 150οC, and N-methylacetamide has a boiling point of 206οC, for a difference of 56οC.Explain why these two nitrogen-containing isomers have a much larger boiling point difference than the two amine isomers. Also explain why these two amides have higher boiling points than any of the other four compounds shown (two amines, an ether, and an alcohol).

Write equations for the following acid- base reactions. Use the information in Table 2.2 or Appendix 4 to predict whether the equilibrium will favor the reactants or the products.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)
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