Write equations for the following acid-base reactions. Label the conjugate acids and bases and show any inductive stabilization. Predict whether the equilibrium favors the reactants or products. Try to do this without using a table of pK_a values, but if you need a hint, you can consult Appendix 4.

Any acid-base reaction favors the formation of a weaker acid and a weaker base. The acid-base reactions go towards a lower energy state. A strong acid or a base means that they have a lot of energy and are very reactive while weaker acids and bases have lower energy. The position of equilibrium is always on the side of weaker acid and a weaker base.

In part (a), the reaction favours products as weaker acid and weaker base have formed on the product side. Conjugate base is weaker because of stable anion as negative charge is on more electronegative atom, that is, oxygen. Conjugate acid-base have been labelled.

Any acid-base reaction favors the formation of a weaker acid and a weaker base. The acid-base reactions go towards a lower energy state. A strong acid or a base means that they have a lot of energy and are very reactive while weaker acids and bases have lower energy. The position of equilibrium is always on the side of weaker acid and a weaker base

In part (b), the reaction favors reactants. Base on the reactant side is weaker because it is stabilized by inductive effect of fluorine. Since fluorine is more electronegative than bromine the reactants are more favoured. Conjugate acid-base have been labelled.

Any acid-base reaction favors the formation of a weaker acid and a weaker base. The acid-base reactions go towards a lower energy state. A strong acid or a base means that they have a lot of energy and are very reactive while weaker acids and bases have lower energy. The position of equilibrium is always on the side of weaker acid and a weaker base.

In part (c), the reaction favours products as the conjugate acid is weaker because it is unstable. Positive charge on oxygen is not favoured. Conjugate acid-base have been labelled.

Any acid-base reaction favors the formation of a weaker acid and a weaker base. The acid-base reactions go towards a lower energy state. A strong acid or a base means that they have a lot of energy and are very reactive while weaker acids and bases have lower energy. The position of equilibrium is always on the side of weaker acid and a weaker base.

In part (d), the reaction favours products as weaker acid and weaker base have formed on the product side. Conjugate base is weaker because of large size of sulphur anion. Conjugate acid-base have been labelled.

Any acid-base reaction favors the formation of a weaker acid and a weaker base. The acid-base reactions go towards a lower energy state. A strong acid or a base means that they have a lot of energy and are very reactive while weaker acids and bases have lower energy. The position of equilibrium is always on the side of weaker acid and a weaker base.

In part (e), the reaction favors products because the reactants are charged species and neutral species are more stable than charged species. Conjugate acid-base have been labelled.

Any acid-base reaction favors the formation of a weaker acid and a weaker base. The acid-base reactions go towards a lower energy state. A strong acid or a base means that they have a lot of energy and are very reactive while weaker acids and bases have lower energy. The position of equilibrium is always on the side of weaker acid and a weaker base.

In part (f), the reaction favors reactants as weaker acid and weaker base have formed on the product side. Base is weaker on the reactant side because of stable anion as negative charge is on more electronegative atom, that is, oxygen and three fluorine atoms are attached due to which stability of anion further increases due to –I effect of fluorine. Conjugate acid-base have been labelled.

Any acid-base reaction favors the formation of a weaker acid and a weaker base. The acid-base reactions go towards a lower energy state. A strong acid or a base means that they have a lot of energy and are very reactive while weaker acids and bases have lower energy. The position of equilibrium is always on the side of weaker acid and a weaker base.

In part (g), the reaction favors products as weaker acid and weaker base have formed on the product side. Conjugate base is weaker because of stable anion as negative charge is on more electronegative atom, that is, oxygen and two chlorine atoms also stabilize the anion due to -I-effect. Conjugate acid-base have been labelled.

Any acid-base reaction favors the formation of a weaker acid and a weaker base. The acid-base reactions go towards a lower energy state. A strong acid or a base means that they have a lot of energy and are very reactive while weaker acids and bases have lower energy. The position of equilibrium is always on the side of weaker acid and a weaker base.

In part (h), the reaction favors products as weaker acid and weaker base have formed on the product side. Conjugate base is weaker because of stable anion as size of anion is large. Conjugate acid-base have been labelled.

Any acid-base reaction favors the formation of a weaker acid and a weaker base. The acid-base reactions go towards a lower energy state. A strong acid or a base means that they have a lot of energy and are very reactive while weaker acids and bases have lower energy. The position of equilibrium is always on the side of weaker acid and a weaker base.

In part (i), the reaction favors products as weaker acid and weaker base have formed on the product side. Conjugate base is weaker because of stable anion due to -I-effect of fluorine atom which stabilizes the negative charge. Conjugate acid-base have been labelled.

Any acid-base reaction favors the formation of a weaker acid and a weaker base. The acid-base reactions go towards a lower energy state. A strong acid or a base means that they have a lot of energy and are very reactive while weaker acids and bases have lower energy. The position of equilibrium is always on the side of weaker acid and a weaker base.

In part (j), the reaction favors reactants as weaker acid and weaker base have formed on the product side. Base present at the reactant side is weaker because of stable anion due to three fluorine atoms which are attached which stabilizes the negative charge due to their -I-effect. Conjugate acid-base have been labelled.