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Chapter 16: Q14P (page 817)

When 3-chlorocyclopropene is treated with AgBF4, AgCl precipitates. The organic product can be obtained as a crystalline material, soluble in polar solvents such as nitromethane but insoluble in hexane. When the crystalline material is dissolved in nitromethane containing KCl, the original 3-chlorocyclopropene is regenerated. Determine the structure of the crystalline material, and write equations for its formation and its reaction with chloride ion

Short Answer

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Formation of product in the reaction

Step by step solution

01

Step 1:Reaction of 3-chlocyclopropene with AgBF4

When 3-chlorocyclopropene is treated with AgBF4. AgCl precipitates due to the formation of cyclopropenium cation. This cation is formed because it is aromatic due to the presence of two pi electrons.

02

Representation of structure and chemical equation

The structure of cyclopropenium cation is as follows:

Cyclopropenium cation

It is positively charged and hence nonsoluble in hexane (nonpolar solvent) but soluble in polar solvent like cyclopropenium tetrafluoroborate. The chemical reaction is represented as follows:

Formation of product in the reaction

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) Use the polygon rule to draw an energy diagram for the MOs of a planar cyclooctatetraenyl system.

(b) Fill in the eight pi electrons for cyclooctatetraene. Is this electronic configuration aromatic or antiaromatic? Could the cyclooctatetraene system be aromatic if it gained or lost electrons?

(c) Draw pictorial representations for the three bonding MOs and the two nonbonding MOs of cyclooctatetraene. The antibonding MOs are difficult to draw, except for the all-antibonding MO

Question: The benzene ring alters the reactivity of a neighboring group in the benzylic position much as a double bond alters the reactivity of groups in the allylic position.

Benzylic cations, anions, and radicals are all more stable than simple alkyl intermediates.

  1. Use resonance forms to show the delocalization (over four carbon atoms) of the positive charge, unpaired electron, and negative charge of the benzyl cation, radical, and anion.
  2. Toulene reacts with bromine in the presence of light to give benzyl bromide. Propose a mechanism for this reaction.

    c. Which of the following reactions will have the faster rate and give the better yield? Use a drawing of the transition state to explain your answer.

The polarization of a carbonyl group can be represented by a pair of resonance structures

Cyclopropenone and cycloheptatrienone are more stable than anticipated. Cyclopentadienone, however, is relatively unstable and rapidly undergoes a Diels–Alder dimerization. Explain.

Cyclopropenone CycloheptatrienoneCyclopentadienone

Question: The benzene ring alters the reactivity of a neighboring group in the benzylic position much as a double bond alters the reactivity of groups in the allylic position.

Benzylic cations, anions, and radicals are all more stable than simple alkyl intermediates.

  1. Use resonance forms to show the delocalization (over four carbon atoms) of the positive charge, unpaired electron, and negative charge of the benzyl cation, radical, and anion.
  2. Toulene reacts with bromine in the presence of light to give benzyl bromide. Propose a mechanism for this reaction.

c. Which of the following reactions will have the faster rate and give the better yield? Use a drawing of the transition state to explain your answer.

Repeat Problem 16-10 for the cyclopentadienyl ions.

(a) Draw one all-bonding MO, then a pair of degenerate MOs, and then a final pair of degenerate MOs.

(b)Draw the energy diagram, fill in the electrons, and confirm the electronic configurations of the cyclopentadienyl cation and anion.

(c) Add electrons to your energy diagram to show the configuration of the cyclopentadienyl cation and the cyclopentadienyl anion. Which is aromatic and which is antiaromatic?
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