Question: Give both IUPAC names and common names for the following compounds.

(a) phCH₂COOH

(b) phCO₂Na

(c) (CH₃)₂ CHCHCICOOH

(d) HOOC (CH₂)₄CO₂H

(e) (CH₃)₂ CHCH₂COOK

(f) CH₃ CH(NH₂) COOH

(g)

(h)

(i)

1. The given compound is phCH₂COOH. The phenyl group is attached at the second position as numbering starts from the COOH group. The parent chain contains two carbon $\alpha$, so ‘ethan’ is used. The IUPAC name is 2-phenylethanoic acid.
2. The common name for this compound is because the phenyl group is present at carbon and acetic acid is for CH₂COOH group where Ph replaces one hydrogen.

b. The given compound is PhCO₂Na , here, sodium is a cation and PhCOO^-is a benzoate. So, first cation name is written and then anion. Thus, the IUPAC name is sodium benzoate, and there is no common name.

C. The given compound is(CH₃)₂ CHCHCICOOH . At the 2^nd position, the chloro group is attached, and at the 3^rd position, the methyl group is attached. The longest carbon chain consists of 4 carbon, so ‘butan’ is used. The IUPAC name is 2-chloro-3-methylbutanoic acid. The common name is $\alpha -cloro\beta -Methylbutyricacid$because at position, chloro group, and at position, a methyl group is attached.

d. The given compound is HOOC (CH₂)₄CO₂H. There are two –COOH groups in a compound, so ‘-dioic acid’ is used and is a 6-carbon chain, so ‘Hexan’ is used. Thus, the IUPAC name is Hexandioic acid, and the common name is adipic acid.

e. The given compound is(CH₃)₂ CHCH₂COOK . Here, potassium (K⁺) is a cation and (CH₃)₂ CHCH₂COO^- is 3-methylbutanoate. For naming the compound, the cation is written first and then anion. Thus, the IUPAC name is Potassium 3-methylbutanoate. The common name is $\beta -methylbu\tan oate$, here methyl group is present at$\beta$position.

f. The given compound isCH₃ CH(NH₂) COOH. Here, the amino group is attached at the 2^nd position and is a 3-carbon chain, so ‘propan’ is used, and –COOH group means ‘-oic acid.’ Thus, the IUPAC name is 2-aminopropanoic acid. The common name is , where an amino group is present at$\alpha$ position.

g. In a given compound, at the 1^st position, a –COOH group is attached, and at the 2^nd position, the chloro group is attached. Thus, the IUPAC name is 2-chlorobenzoic acid. The common name is o-chlorobenzoic acid because the two groups –Cl and –COOH are present at the ortho position.

h. In a given compound, calcium is a cation and (C00^-)₂is ethanedioate anion. For naming the compound, the first cation is written and then anion. The IUPAC name is calcium ethanedioate, and the common name is calcium oxalate.

I. In a given compound, at the 1^st and 2^nd position of the benzene ring, two carboxylic groups (-COOH) are attached, so ‘-di’ is used, and at the 3^rd position, methoxy group (OCH₃) is attached. Thus, the IUPAC name is 3-methoxybenzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, and the common name is 3-methoxyphthalic acid.