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Chapter 20: Q11P (page 1038)

Circle the isoprene units in geranial, menthol, camphor, and abietic acid.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Terpenes contain a variety of functional groups. Isoprene units in terpenes usually bond head to tail. Isoprene is 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene unit. In geranial, there are two isoprene units and in menthol, there are also two isoprene units. They are both monoterpenes.

Step by step solution

01

Step-1. Isoprene units in geranial and menthol:

Terpenes contain a variety of functional groups. Isoprene units in terpenes usually bond head to tail. Isoprene is 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene unit. In geranial, there are two isoprene units and in menthol, there are also two isoprene units. They are both monoterpenes.

02

Step-2. Isoprene units in camphor and abietic acid:

Terpenes are naturally occurring compounds which are derived from 5-carbon alkene known as isoprene. They contain multiples of five carbon atoms, that is, 10, 15, 20 and so on. Camphor is a monoterpene and contain two isoprene units whereas abietic acid is diterpene and contains four isoprene units.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Most of the Fischer esterification mechanism is identical with the mechanism of acetal formation. The difference is in the final step, where a resonance-stabilized carbocation loses a proton to give the ester. Write mechanisms for the following reactions, with the comparable steps directly above and below each other. Explain why the final step of the esterification (proton loss) cannot occur in acetal formation, and show what happens instead.

Show how you would convert glycine to following derivatives. Show the structure of the product in each case.

(a) Glycine isopropyl ester

(b) N-benzoylglycine

(c) N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine

(d) Tert-butyloxycarbonylglycine

Show how to synthesize the following compounds, using appropriate carboxylic acids and amines.

(a)

(b)

(c)

Question: Arrange each group of compounds in order of increasing acidity.

  1. phenol, ethanol, acetic acid
  2. p-toluenesulfonic acid, acetic acid, chloroacetic acid
  3. benzoic acid, o-nitrobenzoic acid, m-nitrobenzoic acid
  4. butyric acid, α-bromobutyric acid, β-bromobutyric acid

In each case, show how you would synthesize the chloride, bromide, and iodide from the corresponding alcohol.

(a) 1-halopropane (halo = chloro, bromo, iodo)

(b)1-halo-2-methylcyclopentane

(c)1-halo-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane

(d)2-halo-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane
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