Name the following carboxylic acids (when possible, give both a common name and a systematic name).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(a) The IUPAC name is 2-iodo-3-methylpentanoic acid because the iodine group is present at the 2^nd position, and the methyl groups are present at the third position. The total number of carbons in a chain is 5. The common name is $\mathrm{\alpha }‐\mathrm{iodo}‐\mathrm{\beta }‐\mathrm{methylvaleric}\mathrm{acid}$.

(b) The IUPAC name is (Z)-3,4-dimethylhex-3-enoic acid: Z is for cis alkene, and the methyl groups are present at the 3^rd and 4^th positions. There is no common name.

(c) The IUPAC name is 2,3-dinitrobenzoic acid, and the nitro groups are present at the 2^nd and 3^rd positions in the benzene ring. There is no common name.

(d) The IUPAC name is trans-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid. One COOH group is above the plane, and one COOH group is below the plane. The common name is trans-hexahydrophthalic acid.

(e) The IUPAC name is 2-chlorobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid; the chloro group is present at the 2^nd position, and the two COOH groups are present at the 1^st and 4^th positions. The common name is 2-chloroterephthalic acid.

(f) The IUPAC name is 3-methylhexanedioic acid, and one methyl group is present at the 3^rd position. The common name is $\mathrm{\beta }‐\mathrm{methyladipic}\mathrm{acid}$.