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Chapter 25: Q13P (page 1320)

  1. Circle the isoprene units in the following terpenes.
  2. Classify each of these as a monoterpene, diterpene, etc.

Short Answer

Expert verified

b. α-farnesene: sesquiterpenes

limonene: monoterpenes

α-pinene: monoterpenes

zingiberene: sesquiterpenes

Step by step solution

01

Isoprene rule

Terpenoid molecule with two or more isoprene joined to head and tail. Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) is a branched-chain, five carbon units unsaturated hydrocarbon, having two double bonds (C-C). Having formulaCH2=C(CH3)−CH=CH2.

02

Classification

Terpenes classified on the basis of number of isoprene:

(1) α-farnesene is monoterpene: two isoprene units

(2) Limonene is sesquiterpenes: three isoprene units

(3) α-pinene is diterpenes: four isoprene units

(4) Zingiberene is triterpenes: six isoprene units

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Oils containing highly unsaturated acids like linolenic acid undergo oxidation in air. This reaction, called oxidative rancidity, is accelerated by heat, explaining why saturated fats are preferred for deep fat frying.

(a) Molecular oxygen is a diradical. What type of mechanism does a diradical suggest for this reaction?

(b) Why is the position shown (carbon-11) a likely site for attack?

(c) Propose a plausible mechanism for this reaction.

(d) BHA and BHT are antioxidants added to foods to interrupt the oxidation mechanism. Suggest how these molecules might work as antioxidants.

The long-term health effects of eating partially hydrogenated vegetable oils concern some nutritionists because many unnatural fatty acids are produced. Consider the partial hydrogenation of linolenic acid by the addition of one or two equivalents of hydrogen. Show how this partial hydrogenation can produce at least three different fatty acids we have not seen before.

Give an equation for the complete transesterification of triolein using an excess of methanol as the alcohol and sodium hydroxide as the catalyst.

The synthesis of the alkylbenzenesulfonate detergent shown in figure 25-6 begins with the partial polymerization of propylene to give a pentamer.

Show how aromatic substitution reactions can convert this pentamer to the final synthetic detergent.

Show how you would convert linoleic acid to the following fatty acid derivatives.

  1. Octadecane-1-ol
  2. Stearic acid
  3. Octadecyl stearate
  4. Nonanal
  5. Nonanedioic acid
  6. 9,10,12,13-tetrabromostearic acid
See all solutions

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