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Chapter 25: Q6P (page 1309)

Point out the hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions in the structures of sodium dodecyl sulfate, Nonoxynol®, and the alkylbenzenesulfonate detergent (Figure 25-6).

Short Answer

Expert verified

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions in the structure of sodium dodecyl sulfate detergent

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions in the structure of Nonoxynol® detergent

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions in the structure ofalkylbenzenesulfonate detergent

Step by step solution

01

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)

SDS is an anionic detergent having formulae CH3(CH2)11OSO3Naconsisting of a hydrophobic 12-carbon chain and a polar sulfate head group.

02

Step 2:Nonoxynol®

Nonoxynol is a surfactant having formula C33H60O10 consisting of hydrophobic nine carbon with a benzene ring and hydrophilic –OH head.

03

Alkylbenzenesulfonate

Alkylbenzenesulfonate is used as a surfactant, having chemical formulae C6H5CnH2n+1, where n lies between 10 and 16. Having carbon chain containing benzene ring as a hydrophobic tail and polar sulfate head.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Draw the structure of an optically active triglyceride containing one equivalent of stearic acid and two equivalents of oleic acid. Draw the products expected when this triglyceride reacts with the following reagents. In each case, predict whether the products will be optically active.

  1. H2and a nickel catalyst
  2. Br2inCCl4
  3. Hot aqueousNaOH
  4. Ozone followed by (CH3)2S

Show how you would convert linoleic acid to the following fatty acid derivatives.

  1. Octadecane-1-ol
  2. Stearic acid
  3. Octadecyl stearate
  4. Nonanal
  5. Nonanedioic acid
  6. 9,10,12,13-tetrabromostearic acid

A triglyceride can be optically active if it contains two or more different fatty acids

  1. Draw the structure of an optically active triglyceride containing one equivalent of myristic acid and two equivalents of oleic acid.
  2. Draw the structure of an optically inactive triglyceride with the same fatty acid composition.

When an extract of parsley seed is saponified and acidified, one of the fatty acids isolated is petroselenic acid, formula C18H34O2. Hydrogenation of petroselenic acid gives pure stearic acid. When petroselenic acid is treated with warm potassium permanganate followed by acidification, the only organic products are dodecanoic acid and adipic acid. The NMR spectrum shows absorptions of vinyl protons split by coupling constants of 7 Hz and 10 Hz. Propose a structure for petroselenic acid, and show how your structure is consistent with these observations.

Show that a phosphatidic acid is chiral, even though none of its fatty acids are chiral. Where is the asymmetric carbon atom?
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