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Chapter 17: Q40P (page 893)

The bombardier beetle defends itself by spraying a hot quinone solution from its abdomen (see photo). This solution is formed by the enzyme-catalyzed oxidation of hydroquinone by hydrogen peroxide. Write a balanced equation for this oxidation.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Oxidation is the loss of electron/ addition of oxygen atom/ increase in the oxidation state of an atom or ion in a molecule.

Step by step solution

01

Oxidation

Oxidation is the loss of electron/ addition of oxygen atom/ increase in the oxidation state of an atom or ion in a molecule.

02

Enzyme-Catalyzed Oxidation.

There are various types of enzymes that catalyze oxidation & reduction reactions. An oxidation reaction in which an enzyme is used for catalysis is known as enzyme-catalyzed oxidation.

03

Balanced Equation for oxidation.

A balanced equation for this oxidation is:

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What substituted alkene would you use in the Heck reaction to make the following products?

1,4-Benzoquinone is a good Diels–Alder dienophile. Predict the products of its reaction with

(a) buta-1,3-diene

(b) cyclopenta-1,3-diene

Phenol reacts with three equivalents of bromine in CCl4 (in the dark) to give a product of formula C6H3OBr3. When this product is added to bromine water, a yellow solid of molecular formula C6H2OBr4precipitates out of the solution. The IR spectrum of the yellow precipitate shows a strong absorption (much like that of a quinone) around 1680cm-1. Propose structures for the two products.

Phenolphthalein, a common nonprescription laxative, is also an acid-base indicator that is colorless in acid and red in base. Phenolphthalein is synthesized by the acid-catalyzed reaction of phthalic anhydride with 2 equivalents of phenol.

(a) Propose a mechanism for the synthesis of phenolphthalein.

(b) Propose a mechanism for the conversion of phenolphthalein to its red dianion in the base.

(c) Use resonance structures to show that the two phenolic oxygen atoms are equivalent (each with half a negative charge) in the red phenolphthalein dianion.


Phthalic anhydride Phenolphthalein red dianion

Propose a mechanism for the aluminum chloride-catalyzed reaction of benzene with chlorine.
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