Predict the hybridization, geometry, and bond angles for the central atoms in (a) but-2-ene, CH₃CH=CHCH₃ (b)CH₃CH=NH .

The bond angle and geometry depends on hybridization. First, we calculate the hybridization of every atom.The hybridization is calculated as follows:

Hybridization = No. of σ bond + No. of lone pair

The table is as follows:

A bond angle can be defined as the angle between three atoms across at least two bonds. Bond angle may change with respective bond pair electron and lone pair electron.

In but-2-ene molecule, carbon-1 and carbon-2 are considered as center atoms which are mentioned in Figure-1.

The calculation of hybridization, geometry, and bond angle are as follows:

For carbon-1:

Hybrid= no. of sigma bond + no. of lone pair

Hybrid = 3+0 = 3

Hybridization =sp³

Geometry= trigonal planar

Bond angle= 120⁰

For carbon-2:

Hybrid= no. of sigma bond+no. of lone pair

Hybrid=3+0=3

Hybridization=sp³

Geometry= trigonal planar

Bond angle=120⁰

b) C³H₃CH=NH

In the above molecule, carbon-3 is considered as a central carbon atom.

Now, we can calculate all the properties as follows:

For carbon-3:

Hybrid= no. of sigma bond+no. of lone pair

Hybrid=3+0=3

Hybridization=sp²

Geometry= trigonal planar

Bond angle=120⁰

Prediction of bond angle