Chapter 10: Q40P (page 496)

Show how you would accomplish the following transformations. You may use any additional reagents you need.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Step by step solution

Reduction reactions

Reduction reaction involves reducing double bonds, ketones or aldehyde to alkanes or alcohol while using different reducing agents like LiAlH₄,NaBH₄. Whereas different reagents like KmNO₄, HNO₃are regarded as oxidizing agents.

Reaction transformation in (a)

a, When BH₃ , THF is used as a reagent, it reduces the alkene bond, and after treating with hydrogen peroxide, a racemic mixture of cyclohexanol is formed.

Reaction transformation in (b)

b. When thiols are treated with any strong oxidizing agent, it will transform the thiols to sulfonic acids. Strong oxidizing agents can be KmnO₄or HNO₃ .

Reaction transformation in (c)

c. When a compound is treated with NaBH₄ (reducing agent) in methanol, the ketone group is reduced to an alcohol.

Reaction transformation in (d)

d. When a compound is treated with one equivalent H₂and Pt catalyst, the double bond in the compound is reduced to alkane because this reagent reduces C=C faster as compared to C=O.

Reaction transformation in (e)

e. When a compound containing ketone group and an ester group is treated with NaBH₄ (reducing agent) in methanol, the ketone group reduces to an alcohol group.

Reaction transformation in (f)

f. When a compound containing ketone and an ester group is treated with LiAlH₄(reducing agent), and after hydrolysis, both the groups get reduced to form alcohols.