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Chapter 26: Q2P (page 1326)

Propose a mechanism for reaction of the first three propylene units in the polymerization of propylene in the presence of benzoyl peroxide.

Short Answer

Expert verified

This type of polymerization results when a suitable alkene is heated with a radical initiator.

Step by step solution

01

Free-radical polymerization

This type of polymerization results when a suitable alkene is heated with a radical initiator.

02

Mechanism

In the initiation step, the initiator forms a radical that reacts with the monomer to start the chain.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Kodel® polyester is formed by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with 1,4-di(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane. Draw the structure of Kodel.

One of the earliest commercial plastics was BakeliteR, formed by the reaction of phenol with a little more than one equivalent of formaldehyde under acidic or basic conditions. Bayer first discovered this reaction in 1872, and practical methods for casting and molding. Bakelite were developed around 1909. Phenol-formaldehyde plastics and resins (also called phenolics) are highly cross-linked because each phenol ring has three sites (two ortho and one para) that can be linked by condensation with formaldehyde. Suggest a general structure for a phenol-formaldehyde resin, and propose a mechanism for its formation under acidic conditions. (Hint: Condensation of phenol with formaldehyde resembles the condensation of phenol with acetone, used in Problem 26-17, to make bisphenol A.)

Olestra®is a fat-based fat substitute that became available in snack foods such as potato chips in 1998. Previous fat substitutes were carbohydrate-based or protein-based mixtures that did not give as good a sensation in the mouth and are not suitable for frying. With Olestra®, the glycerol molecule of a fat is replaced by sucrose (p. 1237). In Olestra®, the sucrose molecule has six, seven, or (most commonly) eight fatty acids esterified to its hydroxy groups. The fatty acids come from hydrolysis of vegetable oils such as soybean, corn, palm, coconut, and cottonseed oils. This unnaturally bulky, fat-like molecule does not pass through the intestinal walls, and digestive enzymes cannot get close to the sucrose center to bind it to their active sites. Olestra® passes through the digestive system unchanged, and it provides zero calories.Draw a typical Olestra® molecule, using any fatty acids that are commonly found in vegetable oils.

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