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Chapter 4: Q40P (page 234)

Label each hydrogen atom in the following compound as primary (1o), secondary (2o), or tertiary (3o)

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

e)

(f)

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)


(e)

(f)

Step by step solution

01

Definition of primary (1o), secondary (2o), or tertiary (3o) hydrogen

Hydrogen on a carbon attached to only one other carbon is primary hydrogen. Hydrogen on carbon is attached to only two other carbons is secondary hydrogen. Hydrogen on a carbon attached to three other carbons is Tertiary hydrogen.

02

(a)

(a)Primary (1o), and tertiary (3o) hydrogens are present.

03

(b)

(b) Primary (1o), and secondary (2o) hydrogens are present.

04

(c)

(c)Primary (1o), and secondary (2o) hydrogens are present.

05

(d)

(d)Only secondary (2o) hydrogens are present.

06

(e)

(e)Primary (1o), secondary (2o), or tertiary (3o) hydrogens are present.

07

(f)

(f)Secondary (2o) hydrogens and tertiary (3o) hydrogens are present.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question: The bromination of methane proceeds through the following steps:

(a) Draw a complete reaction-energy diagram for this reaction.

(b) Label the rate-limiting step.

(c) Draw the structure of each transition state

(d) Compute the overall value of∆H0for the bromination.

Treatment oftert - butyl alcohol with concentrated HBrgives tert butyl bromide.

When the concentration of H+is doubled, the reaction rate doubles. When the concentration of tert- butyl alcohol is tripled, the reaction rate triples. When the bromide ion concentration is quadrupled, however, the reaction rate is unchanged. Write the rate equation for this reaction.

2,3-Dimethylbutanereacts with bromine in the presence of light to give a mono brominate product. Further reaction gives a good yield of a dibrominated product. Predict the structures of these products, and propose a mechanism for the formation of the monobrominated product.

Question: (a) Write the propagation steps leading to the formation of dichloromethane (CH2Cl2).

(b) Explain why free-radical halogenation usually gives mixture of products.

(c) How could an industrial plant control the proportions of methane and chlorine to favor production of CCl4? To favor production of CH3Cl?

(a) Compute the heats of reaction for abstraction of a primary hydrogen and a secondary hydrogen from propane by a fluorine radical.

(b) How selective do you expect free-radical fluorination to be?

(c) What product distribution you expect to obtain from the free-radical fluorination of propane?
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