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Chapter 2: Q13P (page 58)

Explain why HCl has a smaller dipole moment than HF, even though the H-Cl bond is longer than the H-F bond.

Short Answer

Expert verified

HF has a larger electronegativity difference compared to that of HCl and thus it has a smaller dipole moment despite its longer bond length.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Dipole Moment and its relation with bond length and electronegativity.

The dipole moment is a vector quantity measured in terms of electronegativity. It is the measurement of the separation of two opposite charges.With the increase in electronegativity difference the dipole moment of a molecule increases.

With the increase in bond length the dipole moment of a molecule increases.

02

Comparing HF and HCl.

Fluorine is more electronegative than chlorine thus the electronegativity difference between HF is more compared to HCl. On the other hand, the bond length is greater in the case of H-Cl compared to H-F. The higher difference in electronegativity overcomes the bond length factor thus giving the HF molecule a greater dipole moment than HCl.

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You are planning to carry out a reaction that produces protons. The reaction will be buffered at pH = 10.5. Would it be better to use a protonated methylamine/methylamine buffer or a protonated ethylamine/ethylamine buffer? (pKa of protonated methylamine = 10.7; pKaof protonated ethylamine = 11.0)

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