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Chapter 21: Q24P (page 718)

Kevlar, a nylon polymer prepared by reaction of 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (terephthalic acid) with 1,4-benzenediamine (p-phenylenediamine), is so strong that it’s used to make bulletproof vests. Draw the structure of a segment of Kevlar.

Short Answer

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The segment of Kevlar:

Step by step solution

01

Kevlar

Kevlar is a heat-resistant and strong synthetic fiber that is formed by the reaction of terephthalic acid and p-phenylenediamine. Kevlar has lots of unique properties, like high tensile strength and chemical stability at high temperatures, and it’s quite tough. So, Kevlar is widely used as a friction material in the automotive industry and as a combustion protection material in the aerospace industry.

02

Segment of Kevlar

Kevlar is made up of 14 carbon atoms, 2 nitrogen atoms, 2 oxygen atoms, and 10 hydrogen atoms per segment or monomer

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Most popular questions from this chapter

21-69 We said in Section 21-6 that mechanistic studies on ester hydrolysishave been carried out using ethyl propanoate labeled with in theether-like oxygen. AssumethatO18− labeled acetic acid is your onlysource of isotopic oxygen, and then propose a synthesis of the labeledethyl propanoate.

21-39 Succinic anhydride yields the cyclic imide succinimide when heated with ammonium chloride at 200°C. Propose a mechanism for this reaction. Why do you suppose such a high reaction temperature is required?

Draw the structure of the polymer you would expect to obtain from
reaction of dimethyl terephthalate with a triol such as glycerol. Whatstructural feature would this new polymer have that was not present inDacron (Table 21-2)? How do you think this new feature might affectthe properties of the polymer?

When an amide is formed from an acid chloride or an anhydride, two moles of base are required. However, when an ester is used as the starting material, only one equivalent of base is needed. Explain the reactivity in terms of basicity of the leaving groups.

How could you prepare the following ketones by reaction of an acid chloride with a lithium diorganocopper reagent?
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