For each of the questions, four choices have been provided. Select the correct alternative. The statements given below are the postulates of various atomic models. Arrange them in their chronological order. (1) Fine structure is due to the presence of subshells in the main energy level. (2) The size of an atom is much larger than the size of its nucleus. (3) As long as the electron is present in a particular orbit, its energy remains constant. (4) Negatively charged particles are uniformly spread in the lump of positive charge. (a) \(4,3,2,1\) (b) \(2,3,4,1\) (c) \(4,2,3,1\) (d) \(3,4,2,1\)

Here, we link each postulate to an atomic model or scientist: 1. Fine structure is due to the presence of subshells in the main energy level. - This is related to the advances in quantum mechanics and the concept of atomic orbitals. 2. The size of an atom is much larger than the size of its nucleus. - This is related to Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment and his discovery of the small and dense nucleus. 3. As long as the electron is present in a particular orbit, its energy remains constant. - This is related to Niels Bohr's atomic model, stating that electrons in specific energy levels or orbits around the nucleus have constant energy. 4. Negatively charged particles are uniformly spread in the lump of positive charge. - This is related to J.J. Thomson's plum pudding model, where negatively charged electrons are evenly distributed within a positively charged mass.

Now that we have identified the related atomic models or scientists for each postulate, we can arrange the postulates based on the chronological order of the atomic models: - J.J. Thomson's plum pudding model (4): 1897 - Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment and the discovery of the nucleus (2): 1911 - Niels Bohr's atomic model (3): 1913 - Advances in quantum mechanics and the concept of atomic orbitals (1): Early 20th century after Bohr's model So the correct chronological order is \(4, 2, 3, 1\). The correct answer choice is (c) \(4, 2, 3, 1\).