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Chapter 4: Problem 19

The general electronic configuration of representative elements is (a) \(\mathrm{ns}^{1-2} \mathrm{np}^{1-6}\) (b) \(\mathrm{ns}^{1-2} \mathrm{np}^{1-5}\) (c) \(\mathrm{ns}^{1-2}(\mathrm{n}-1) \mathrm{p}^{1-5}\) (d) \(\mathrm{ns}^{1-2}(\mathrm{n}-1) \mathrm{p}^{1-6}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The correct general electronic configuration for representative elements is: - \(\mathrm{ns}^{1-2}\) for alkali metals (Group 1) and alkaline earth metals (Group 2). - \(\mathrm{ns}^{1-2} \mathrm{np}^{1-6}\) for p-block elements (Groups 13-18).

Step by step solution

01

Option (a) \(\mathrm{ns}^{1-2} \mathrm{np}^{1-6}\)

This option represents an element with 1 or 2 electrons in the s-subshell and 1 to 6 electrons in the p-subshell. It covers all p-block elements but fails to cover all alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, as the s-subshell needs to be completely filled in those cases. Hence, this option is not the correct general electronic configuration for representative elements.
02

Option (b) \(\mathrm{ns}^{1-2} \mathrm{np}^{1-5}\)

This option represents an element with 1 or 2 electrons in the s-subshell and 1 to 5 electrons in the p-subshell. It covers all alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, as well as the first five groups of p-block elements (Groups 13-17). However, it does not cover the last group of representative elements (Group 18) where the p-subshell is completely filled with 6 electrons. Hence, this option is not the correct general electronic configuration for representative elements either.
03

Option (c) \(\mathrm{ns}^{1-2}(\mathrm{n}-1) \mathrm{p}^{1-5}\)

This option incorrectly introduces a term \((\mathrm{n}-1)\) that is multiplied by the p-subshell configuration. This would not be the correct general expression for the electronic configuration of representative elements. Therefore, this option is incorrect.
04

Option (d) \(\mathrm{ns}^{1-2}(\mathrm{n}-1) \mathrm{p}^{1-6}\)

Similar to option (c), this option also incorrectly introduces a term \((\mathrm{n}-1)\) that is multiplied by the p-subshell configuration. This would not be the correct general expression for the electronic configuration of representative elements. Hence, this option is incorrect too. By eliminating the other options, the correct electronic configuration of representative elements would be a combination of original options (a) and (b), which is:
05

Correct electronic configuration

\(\mathrm{ns}^{1-2}\) for alkali metals (Group 1) and alkaline earth metals (Group 2).
06

and

\(\mathrm{ns}^{1-2} \mathrm{np}^{1-6}\) for p-block elements (Groups 13-18).

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