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Chapter 5: Problem 29

For each of the questions, four choices have been provided. Select the correct alternative. The shape of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) molecule is (a) linear (b) tetrahedral (c) v-shaped (d) trigonal planar

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The shape of a water (H₂O) molecule is v-shaped (bent).

Step by step solution

01

Identify the central atom and its electron pairs

In a water molecule (H₂O), oxygen (O) is the central atom, surrounded by two hydrogen (H) atoms. To determine the arrangement of these atoms, we must consider the number of electron pairs around the central oxygen atom. Oxygen has 6 valence electrons, and it shares two electrons with the two hydrogen atoms, forming two single bonds. The remaining 4 valence electrons are in two lone pairs.
02

Apply the VSEPR theory

VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory is used to predict the shape of a molecule. It is based on the idea that electron pairs in the valence shell of an atom will adopt positions that minimize their repulsion. According to VSEPR theory, the geometry of a molecule can be determined by counting the number of electron pairs around the central atom and their repulsion effects.
03

Determine the molecular geometry

In the water molecule (H₂O), there are two bonded pairs (hydrogen atoms) and two lone pairs around the central oxygen atom. Based on the VSEPR theory, the two lone pairs will repel each other, causing the molecule to have an asymmetric shape. The bonded pairs of electrons (hydrogen atoms) are forced to adopt a position where they are less affected by the repulsion of the lone pairs. As a result, the geometry of the H₂O molecule is V-shaped (or bent). So, the correct answer is: (c) v-shaped

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which among the following substances does not conduct electricity in its aqueous solution state? (a) glucose (b) alcohol (c) hydrochloric acid (d) common salt

The bond formed by end on overlap is than the bond formed by side on overlap.

For each of the questions, four choices have been provided. Select the correct alternative. Which of the following bonds is more polar when compared to others? (a) \(\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{H}\) (b) \(\mathrm{N}-\mathrm{H}\) (c) \(\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{H}\) (d) \(\mathrm{H}-\mathrm{H}\)

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The necessary steps required to show the formation of \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\) by Lewis electron dot diagram have been jumbled. Arrange them in a sequence. (1) Thus, an electron pair is shared between \(\mathrm{C}\) and Cl. This is the Lewis electron dot diagram for \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\) (2) Write the symbol of chlorine and represent its valence electrons with the help of crosses, i.e., (3) Write the symbol of carbon and represent its valence electrons with the help of dots, i.e., - (4) When carbon combines with four chlorine atoms, the carbon atom contributes four electrons for sharing, whereas each chlorine atom contributes only one electron for sharing. Thus, both the atoms in \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\) attain an octet. (a) 1324 (b) 2134 (c) 4321 (d) 3241
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