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Chapter 5: Problem 36

During the formation of sodium chloride from its constituents, (a) Na undergoes oxidation and acts as an oxidizing agent. (b) Na undergoes reduction and Cl undergoes oxidation. (c) Cl undergoes reduction and acts as a reducing agent. (d) Na acts as a reducing agent and \(\mathrm{Cl}\) acts as an oxidizing agent.

Short Answer

Expert verified
a) Na undergoes reduction and acts as an oxidizing agent. b) Cl undergoes reduction and acts as a reducing agent. c) Na undergoes oxidation and acts as an oxidizing agent. d) Na acts as a reducing agent and Cl acts as an oxidizing agent. Answer: d) Na acts as a reducing agent and Cl acts as an oxidizing agent.

Step by step solution

01

Define oxidation and reduction

In a chemical reaction, oxidation is the process where an atom loses electrons while reduction is the process where an atom gains electrons.
02

Identify the oxidation states of sodium and chlorine before and after the reaction

Before the reaction, sodium is in its elemental form (Na) and has an oxidation state of 0. Chlorine is also in its elemental form (Cl) and has an oxidation state of 0. In sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium has an oxidation state of +1, and chlorine has an oxidation state of -1.
03

Determine which atom is oxidized and which atom is reduced

Since sodium's oxidation state has increased from 0 to +1, it has lost an electron and therefore undergone oxidation. On the other hand, chlorine's oxidation state has decreased from 0 to -1, which means it has gained an electron and thus undergone reduction.
04

Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents

An oxidizing agent is a substance that causes another substance to be oxidized while being reduced itself. A reducing agent is a substance that causes another substance to be reduced while being oxidized itself. In this reaction, sodium (Na) is causing chlorine (Cl) to be reduced, so sodium acts as the reducing agent. Chlorine (Cl) is causing sodium (Na) to be oxidized, so chlorine acts as the oxidizing agent.
05

Match the given options with our findings

Based on our findings in steps 3 and 4, we can conclude that the correct answer is: (d) Na acts as a reducing agent and Cl acts as an oxidizing agent.

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