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Chapter 6: Problem 27

Which of the following solutions has the same concentration of H+ ions as \(0.1\) N HCl? (a) \(0.1 \mathrm{~N} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) (b) \(0.3 \mathrm{~N} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{PO}_{4}\) (c) \(0.2 \mathrm{~N} \mathrm{HNO}_{3}\) (d) All of these

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) 0.1 N H2SO4 (b) 0.3 N H3PO4 (c) 0.2 N HNO3 Answer: None of the given options have the same H+ ion concentration as 0.1 N HCl.

Step by step solution

01

Calculate the concentration of H+ ions in 0.1 N HCl solution

As HCl is a strong monoprotic acid, it dissociates completely into one H+ ion and one Cl- ion in water. Hence, in a 0.1 N HCl solution, the concentration of H+ ions is also 0.1 M.
02

Calculate the concentration of H+ ions in 0.1 N H2SO4 solution

H2SO4 is a strong diprotic acid, which means it dissociates in two steps, first providing 1 H+ ion, and then providing another H+ ion. \[ \textrm{H}_2 \textrm{SO}_4 \rightarrow \textrm{H}^{+} + \textrm{HSO}_4^{-} \] \[ \textrm{HSO}_4^{-} \rightarrow \textrm{H}^{+} + \textrm{SO}_4^{2-} \] Therefore, in a 0.1 N H2SO4 solution, the concentration of H+ ions is 2 * 0.1 M = 0.2 M.
03

Calculate the concentration of H+ ions in 0.3 N H3PO4 solution

H3PO4 is a weak triprotic acid, but we will assume complete dissociation for this problem as it simplifies the analysis. \[ \textrm{H}_3 \textrm{PO}_4 \rightarrow \textrm{H}^{+} + \textrm{H}_2 \textrm{PO}_4^{-} \] \[ \textrm{H}_2 \textrm{PO}_4^{-} \rightarrow \textrm{H}^{+} + \textrm{HPO}_4^{2-} \] \[ \textrm{HPO}_4^{2-} \rightarrow \textrm{H}^{+} + \textrm{PO}_4^{3-} \] Therefore, in a 0.3 N H3PO4 solution, the concentration of H+ ions is 3 * 0.3 M = 0.9 M.
04

Calculate the concentration of H+ ions in 0.2 N HNO3 solution

HNO3 is a strong monoprotic acid, which means it dissociates completely into one H+ ion and one NO3- ion in water. \[ \textrm{HNO}_3 \rightarrow \textrm{H}^{+} + \textrm{NO}_3^{-} \] Hence, in a 0.2 N HNO3 solution, the concentration of H+ ions is 0.2 M.
05

Compare H+ ion concentrations to 0.1 N HCl solution

Compared to the 0.1 M concentration of H+ ions in 0.1 N HCl solution, we can see that the H+ ion concentrations in the given solutions are as follows: (a) 0.2 M (0.1 N H2SO4) (b) 0.9 M (0.3 N H3PO4) (c) 0.2 M (0.2 N HNO3) Based on these values, none of the given solutions have the same H+ ion concentration as 0.1 N HCl. Therefore, none of the given options are correct.

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