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Chapter 15: Problem 3

The Nernst distribution law \(K_{D}=C_{1} / C_{2}\) is not applicable if the solute undergoes (a) association in one of the solvents (b) dissociation in one of the solvents (c) association and dissociation in one of the solvents (d) none of the above

Short Answer

Expert verified
The Nernst distribution law is not applicable in cases where the solute undergoes (a) association in one of the solvents, (b) dissociation in one of the solvents, and (c) association and dissociation in one of the solvents. Therefore, option (d) 'none of the above' is not correct.

Step by step solution

01

Identify assumption of Nernst distribution law

The Nernst distribution law is applicable if the solute does not undergo association or dissociation, that is, the solute concentration remains constant in either solvent.
02

Evaluate option (a): association in one of the solvents

If the solute associates (comes together to form a larger molecule) in one of the solvents, the concentration of the solute changes in that solvent. This violates the assumptions of Nernst distribution law, thus this option is a condition where the law is not applicable.
03

Evaluate option (b): dissociation in one of the solvents

If the solute dissociates (splits into smaller molecules or ions) in one of the solvents, the concentration of the solute increases in that solvent. This also violates the assumptions of Nernst distribution law, thus this option is also a condition where the law is not applicable.
04

Evaluate option (c): association and dissociation in one of the solvents

If the solute both associates and dissociates in one of the solvents, the concentration of the solute becomes variable, violating the assumptions of the Nernst distribution law even more. Thus, this condition also renders the law inapplicable.
05

Evaluate option (d): none of the above

Since options (a), (b), and (c) are all conditions where Nernst distribution law is not applicable, 'none of the above' will not be a suitable answer for this question.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The Nernst distribution law equation \(\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{f}} / \mathrm{C}_{2}=K\) applies when (a) the molecular state of the solute is the same in both the solvents (b) the molecular state of the solute is different in both the solute (c) the molecular state of the solute is different in both the solute (d) none of these

With the help of distribution law, we can (a) determine the association or dissociation of the solute in one of the solvents (b) determine the solubility of the solute in various solvents (c) deduce the formula of complex ions (d) all of the above

When a bottle of soda water is opened, the partial pressure of \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\). (a) decreases (b) increases (c) remains the same (d) none of these

In the first extraction, the amount of the substance left unextracted is given by the formula \((K\) is distribution coefficient, \(V \mathrm{ml}\) of the aqueous solution contain \(A\) grams of an organic substance) (a) \(x_{1}=A \frac{K V}{K V+v}\) (b) \(x_{1}=A \frac{K V}{K V+v^{2}}\) (c) \(x_{1}=A^{2} \frac{K V}{K V+v}\) (d) \(x_{1}=A \frac{K^{2} V}{K V+v}\)

The greater the distribution ratio in favour of the organic solvent, the will be the amount extracted in any one operation. (a) greater (b) lesser (c) equal (d) none of these
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