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Chapter 4: Problem 13

Association of molecules in water is due to (a) covalent bonding (b) hydrogen bonding (c) ionic bonding (d) van der Waals forces

Short Answer

Expert verified
The association of molecules in water is due to (b) hydrogen bonding

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Covalent Bonding

Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. However, the water molecules are already formed prior to their association due to the presence of covalent bonds between Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms in H2O. It does not lead to the association of water molecules in liquid form.
02

Understanding Hydrogen Bonding

Hydrogen bonding is a type of attractive force that exists between an electronegative atom of one molecule and a hydrogen atom that is bonded to another electronegative atom. In case of water, when several molecules of water come together, the hydrogen atoms from one molecule form a hydrogen bond with the oxygen atom of a different molecule. This causes water molecules to associate.
03

Understanding Ionic Bonding

Ionic bonding refers to the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms and typically involves a metal and a non-metal. In this case, it does not explain the association of water molecules.
04

Understanding van der Waals forces

Van der Waals forces refer to a distance-dependent attraction between atoms or molecules. Although there are weak van der Waals forces in water, they do not primarily contribute to the association of water molecules.

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