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Chapter 4: Problem 6

Which of the following statements is wrong? (a) Evaporation is a spontaneous process. (b) Evaporation is a surface phenomenon. (c) Vapour pressure decreases with increase of temperature. (d) The vapour pressure of a solution is always less than the vapour pressure of the pure solvent.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Statement (c) is incorrect because the vapor pressure of a liquid actually increases with an increase in temperature.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Statement (a)

The statement suggests that evaporation is a spontaneous process, which is true. Spontaneous processes are those that occur without any external influence, and evaporation fits this description because it occurs when molecules at the surface of a liquid gain enough energy to change to a gas. This statement is correct.
02

Understanding Statement (b)

This statement is suggesting that evaporation only occurs at the surface of a liquid. This is also true. In the body of the liquid, there are molecules in all directions that restrict the free movement of any molecule. However, at the surface, the liquid molecules have space to escape, and hence, evaporation is a surface phenomenon. This statement is correct.
03

Understanding Statement (c)

The statement suggests that the vapour pressure decreases with an increase in temperature. This statement is incorrect. The vapor pressure of a liquid increases with increasing temperature. As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the molecules also increases, allowing more molecules to attain the energy needed to transition into a gaseous state, thus increasing the vapor pressure. This is the incorrect statement.
04

Understanding Statement (d)

The last statement suggests that the vapour pressure of a solution is always less than the vapour pressure of the pure solvent. This statement is correct. According to Raoult's law, the vapour pressure of a solution is less than that of the pure solvent because the presence of a non-volatile solute decreases the number of solvent molecules at the surface, thus lowering the overall vapour pressure.

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