Write down the apparatus you would need to carry out the following operations, giving your reasons: (a) Separation of a mixture of soil and water to allow you to measure the nitrate content of the soil. Remember, nitrates are water soluble. (b) Isolation of solid, water insoluble Nphenylethanamide from the reaction mixture which comprises \(N\)-phenylethanamide and very dilute ethanoic acid. (c) Removal of anti-bumping granules from a solution of \(N\)-phenylethanamide in hot water. (d) Heating a suspension of \(N\)-phenylethanamide in cold water so as to dissolve it for recrystallisation. (e) Heating a solution in toluene (b.pt. \(111^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), flammable). (f) Cooling a reaction mixture to \(-10^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\).

Step by step solution

01

- Identify Apparatus for Separating a Mixture of Soil and Water

To separate a mixture of soil and water, one would need a filtration setup. This includes a filter paper, a funnel, a glass rod and a conical flask. The setup is necessary to physically separate the two, especially given the fact that nitrates are water soluble.

02

- Identify Apparatus for Isolating \(N\)-phenylethanamide From Reaction Mixture

To isolate the solid, water insoluble \(N\)-phenylethanamide from the reaction mixture, a filtration setup (similar to above) would be required. Any additional solid matter will be left on the filter paper and the \(N\)-phenylethanamide will pass through the funnel into the flask.

03

- Identify Apparatus for Removal of Anti-bumping Granules from \(N\)-phenylethanamide Solution

To remove anti-bumping granules from a solution of \(N\)-phenylethanamide in hot water, a filtration setup is needed. The granules will be left on the filter paper, and the solution will pass into the flask.

04

- Identify Apparatus for Heating \(N\)-phenylethanamide in Cold Water

A heating device such as a hot water bath is necessary to heat a suspension of \(N\)-phenylethanamide in cold water. A beaker or a flask along with a stirring rod would also be needed to properly dissolve the substance.

05

- Identify Apparatus for Heating a Solution in Toluene

A flame proof heating apparatus such as an electric heating mantle would be necessary to heat a solution in toluene, as toluene is flammable and direct application of flame can ignite it. Other apparatus like a round-bottom flask, a condenser can be used along to prevent any vapor loss or accidents.

06

- Identify Apparatus for Cooling a Reaction Mixture

An ice bath, complete with a bath and crushed ice or a refrigeration setup is needed to cool a reaction mixture to \(-10^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). A thermometer is also needed to accurately monitor the temperature.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

• Full Textbook Solutions

  Get detailed explanations and key concepts

• Unlimited Al creation

  Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

• Ads-free access

  To over 500 millions flashcards

• Money-back guarantee

  We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!