Predict the \({ }^{1}\) H-NMR spectra of the following molecules. Note: only the number of different hydrogen atoms needs to be stated and coupling patterns must be deduced. (i) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Br}\) (ii) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CHBrCH}_{3}\) (iii) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CHBrCHO}\) (iv) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OCOCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{COOCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\) (v) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OCOCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OCOCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The \(^{1}H-NMR\) predictions for the molecules will have the following features: (i) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Br}\) has 3 different kinds of protons with specific splitting patterns.(ii) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CHBrCH}_{3}\) has 2 different kinds of protons and specific splitting patterns.(iii) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CHBrCHO}\) has 2 different kinds of protons and specific splitting patterns.(iv) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OCOCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{COOCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}$ has 3 different kinds of protons and specific splitting patterns.(v) $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OCOCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OCOCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}$ has 2 different kinds of protons and specific splitting patterns.

Step by step solution

01

Identification of Hydrogen Types

Examine each molecule and identify the different types of hydrogen atoms. These are determined by their unique chemical environments, dictated by their position in the molecule and the types of atoms or groups they are adjacent to. For example, in molecule (i) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Br}\), there are three types of hydrogens: the hydrogens on the \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\) group, the hydrogens on the middle \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\) group, and the hydrogens on the \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\) group adjacent to the Br atom.
02

Predicting the Splitting Patterns

The splitting pattern typically based on the 'n+1' rule, where 'n' is the number of hydrogen atoms directly adjacent to the hydrogen atom type being considered. In molecule (i), the hydrogens on the \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\) group would be split into a quartet by the three adjacent hydrogens on the \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\) group, the hydrogens on the middle \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\) group would be split into a triplet by the two adjacent hydrogens on the other \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\) group and a sextet by the three adjacent \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\) hydrogens. It is important to mention that if atoms other than hydrogen are bound next to your atom of interest, they won't cause splitting.
03

Predict the Number of Signals

In a \(^{1}H\) NMR spectrum, each chemically different type of hydrogen will produce a unique signal. So, the number of signals equals the number of different types of hyrogen atoms. Therefore, molecule (i) will have three signals in its \(^{1}H\) NMR spectrum because there are three different kinds of protons.
04

Repeat for the Other Molecules

Repeat steps 1, 2 and 3 for the remaining molecules (ii), (iii), (iv), and (v), identifying the different types of hydrogen atoms in each molecule, predicting their splitting patterns, and counting the number of unique signals they would contribute to their respective \(^{1}H\) NMR spectra.

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