From the two standard additions of 50 pm Fe(III) in the figure, find the concentration of Fe(III) in the seawater. Estimate where the baseline should be drawn for each trace and measure the peak height from the baseline. Consider the volume to be constant for all three solutions.

Short Answer

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The concentration of iron (III) present in seawater.

Step by step solution

01

Define cyclic voltammogram

Cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV) is the quantification of metals species from their reduction current. The stripping bit means that there is a preconcentration step that usually consists of the adsorption of a complex with a selective ligand (usually an organic ligand) on the electrode. The metal in the complex is reduced. The sensitivity is very good because the adsorption forms a single molecular layer that is reduced in its entirety. There is no diffusion during the scan so a high scan rate can be used which gives a high sensitivity. The sensitivity of CSV is sufficient to detect about 20 elements in seawater. In the electrochemical reactions, the relation between current and voltage is noted and this technique is called voltammetry. A graph that represents current Vs voltage is called a voltammogram.

02

Determine the measurement of the concentration of iron.

The spreadsheet for the addition of iron (III) in seawater.

The B13 and B18 cells in the spreadsheet gives the concentration of Fe[III] is104±13pM.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Measuring the size of a microelectrode by cyclic voltammetry.

(a) Redox chemistry for ferrocyanide in Figure 17-32 was given at the beginning of Section 17-5. Write the analyte half-reaction that occurs at the upper plateau near 0.4 Vand at the lower plateau near 0 V(versus S.C.E.).

(b) The limiting current Ilimit, which is the difference between the upper and lower plateaus, is related to the radius of the disk-shaped electrode (r)and the diffusion coefficient (D)and bulk concentration (C)of the analyte:

Ilimit4nFDCr

Where nis the number of electrons in the half-reaction and F is the Faraday constant. In this equation, the units of concentration should be mol/m3to be consistent with the other quantities in SI units. The diffusion coefficient for ferrocyanide cited in the reference for Figure 17 - 32is 9.2×10-10m/sin water at25°C. Calculate the radius of the microelectrode.

A solution of Sn2+is to be electrolyzed to reduce the Sn2+to Sn(s). Calculate the cathode potential (versus S.H.E.) needed to reduce[Sn2+]to1.0×10-8Mif no concentration polarization occurs. What would be the potential versus S.C.E. instead of S.H.E? Would the potential be more positive or more negative if concentration polarization occurred?

Ti3+ is to be generated in 0.10MHClO4 for coulometric reduction of azobenzene.

TiO2++2H++eTi3++H2OE0=0.100V4Ti3++C6H5N=NC6H5+4H2O2C6H5NH2+4TiO2++4H+

At the counter electrode, water is oxidized, and \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) is liberated at a pressure of \(0.20\) bar. Both electrodes are made of smooth Pt, and each has a total surface area of 1.00cm2. The rate of reduction of the azobenzene is 25.9nmol/s , and the resistance of the solution between the generator electrodes is 52.4Ω.

  1. Calculate the current density (A/m2)at the electrode surface. Use Table 17-1 to estimate the overpotential for O2liberation.
  2. Calculate the cathode potential (versus S.H.E.) assuming that role="math" localid="1668356673323" [TiO2+surface]=[TiO2+]bulk=0.050Mand [Ti3+]surface=0.10M.
  3. Calculate the anode potential (versus S.H.E.).
  4. What should the applied voltage be?

A dilute Na2SO4solution is to be electrolyzed with a pair of smooth Pt electrodes at a current density of 100A/m2and a current of 0.100A. The products areH2(g)andO2(g)at1.00barandatbar. Calculate the required voltage if the cell resistance is2.00Ωand there is no concentration polarization. What voltage would be required if the Pt electrodes were replaced by Au electrodes?

The standard free energy change for the formation of H2(g)=12O2(g) from H2O(l) is G°=+237.13KJ The reactions are

cathode:2H2O+2e-H2(g)+20H-Anode:H2O12O2(g)+2H++2e-

Calculate the standard voltageE°needed to decompose water into its elements by electrolysis. What does the word standard mean in this question?

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