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Chapter 27: Q30P (page 769)

Why is tin used to encapsulate a sample for combustion analysis?

Short Answer

Expert verified

To explain the reason why tin is used to encapsulate a sample for combustion analysis.

Step by step solution

01

Defining combustion analysis.

Combustion analysis is a method used in both organic and analytical chemistry to determine the elemental composition (more precisely, empirical formula) of a pure organic compound by combusting the sample under conditions that allow the combustion products to be quantitatively analysed.
After determining the number of moles of each combustion product, the empirical formula or a partial empirical formula of the original compound can be calculated.

02

Reason why tin is used to encapsulate a sample for combustion analysis.

The following are the reasons why tin is used encapsulate a sample for combustion analysis:

It acts as an oxidation catalyst
Tin capsule melts and is being oxidized to ${SnO}_{2}$ in order to liberate heat and allow the sample to crack
Tin immediately uses available oxygen
Ensures that oxidation of sample occurs in gas phase

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Most popular questions from this chapter

We now examine some examples that illustrate how to relate the mass of a gravimetric precipitate to the quantity of the original analyte. The general approach is to relate the moles of product to the moles of reactant.

A solid mixture weighing 0.5485 gcontained only ferrous ammonium sulfate hexahydrate and ferrous chloride hexahydrate. The sample was dissolved in $1 {MH}_{2} {SO}_{4}$ , oxidized to ${Fe}^{3 +}$ with $H_{2} O_{2}$ , and precipitated with cupferron. The ferric cupferron complex was ignited to produce 0.1678 gof ferric oxide, ${Fe}_{2} O_{3}$ (FM 159.69). Calculate the weight percent of Clin the original sample.

Thermogravimetric analysis and propagation of error. 16 Crystals of deuteratedpotassium dihydrogen phosphate, $K {(D_{x} H_{1 - x})}_{2} {PO}_{4}$ are used in optics as a light valve, as a light deflector, and for frequency doubling of lasers. The optical properties are sensitive to the fraction of deuterium in the material. A publication states that deuterium content can be determined by measuring the mass lost by dehydration of the crystal after slow heating to $450 ° C$ in a Pt crucible under $N_{2}$

(a) Let $α$ be the mass of product divided by the mass of reactant:

$α = \frac{mass of {KPO}_{3}}{mass of K {(D_{x} H_{1 - x})}_{2} {PO}_{4}}$

Show that the coefficient xin $K {(D_{x} H_{1 - x})}_{2} {PO}_{4}$ is related to $α$ by the equation

$x = \frac{58.6670}{α} - 67.6183$

What would be the value of $α$ if starting material were 100% deuterated?

(b) One crystal measured in triplicate gave an average value of $α = 0 . 8567_{7}$ .Find x for this crystal.

(c) From equation B.1 in Appendix B, show that the uncertainty in $x (e_{x})$ is related to the uncertainty in $α (e_{α})$ by the equation

$e_{x} = \frac{58.6670 e_{α}}{α^{2}}$

(d) The uncertainty in deuterium: hydrogen stoichiometry is $e_{x}$ The authors estimate that their uncertainty in $α$ is $e_{x} = 0.0001 .$ From $e_{α}$ compute $e_{x}$ . Write the stoichiometry in the form $x \pm e_{x}$ If $e_{x}$ were 0.001 (which is perfectly reasonable), what would $e_{x}$ be?

Propagation of error. A mixture containing only silver nitrate and mercurous nitrate was dissolved in water and treated with excess sodium cobalticyanide, ${Na}_{3} [Co (CN)_{6}]$ to precipitate both cobalticyanide salts:

$A g N O_{3} F M 169.873 A g_{3} [C o {(C N)}_{6}] F M 538.643 H g_{2} {(N O_{3})}_{2} F M 525.19 {(H g_{2})}_{3} [C o {(C N)}_{6}]_{2} F M 1633.62$

(a) The unknown weighed 0.4321g and the product weighed 0.4515g. Find wt% ${AgNO}_{3}$ in the unknown. Caution: Keep all the digits in your calculator or else serious rounding errors may occur. Do not round off until the end.

(b) Even a skilled analyst is not likely to have less than a 0.3% error in isolating the precipitate. Suppose that thege is negligible error in all quantities, except the mass of product, which has an uncertainty of0.30%. Calculate the relative uncertainty in the mass of ${AgNO}_{3}$ in the unknown.

Combustion analysis of an organic compound gave the composition $71.17 \pm 0.41 wt % C, 6.76 \pm 0.12 wt % H$ , and $10.34 \pm 0.08 wt % N$ . Find the coefficients and and their uncertainties and in the formula $C_{8} H_{\pm \pm x} N_{n \pm y}$ .

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