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Chapter 28: Q21P (page 792)

How does solid-supported liquid-liquid extraction differ from solid-phase extraction?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The difference between solid supported liquid-liquid extraction and solid –phase extraction is explained.

Step by step solution

01

Defining liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction.

  • The extraction technique can be used to purify compounds or separate compound mixtures, such as isolating a product from a reaction mixture (known as an extractive work-up). It can also be used to isolate natural products, such as caffeine from tea leaves.
  • Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) is a sample preparation method that is used in a variety of fields due to its numerous advantages over other traditional methods. SPE was developed as an alternative to liquid/liquid extraction because it eliminated several disadvantages, including the use of a large amount of solvent, extended operation time/procedure steps, potential sources of error, and high cost.
02

Determining the difference between liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction.

(1) Solid-supported liquid-liquid extraction:

  • Aqueous phase remains suspended in a microporous medium where organic solvent is passed through in order to extract analytes
  • Liquid extraction, also known as partitioning, is a separation process that involves the transfer of a solute from one solvent to another, with the two solvents being immiscible or partially miscible.

(2) Solid-phase extraction:

  • Aqueous sample passes through small column of the stationary phase which retains analytes
  • Analytes and impurities are eluted by washing it many times with small volumes of solvent with an increase in the solvent strength
  • Furthermore, SPE can be applied to samples in conjunction with other analytical methods and sample preparation techniques.
  • Because of its versatility, the SPE technique is a useful tool for a variety of purposes. The main approaches in this method's practises are isolation, concentration, purification, and cleanup.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The county landfill in the diagram was monitored to verify that toxic compounds were not leaching into the local water supply. Wells drilled at 21 locations were monitored over a year and pollutants were observed only at sites\(8,11,12\), and 13 . Monitoring all 21 sites each month is very expensive. Suggest a strategy to use composite samples (Box 0-1) made from more than one well at a time to reduce the cost of routine monitoring. How will your scheme affect the minimum detectable level for pollutants at a particular site?

What mass of sample in Figure 28-3 is expected to give a sampling standard deviation of \( \pm 6\% \)?

Why is it advantageous to use large particles \(\left( {{\bf{50}}{\rm{ }}\mu {\bf{m}}} \right)\) for solid phase extraction, but small particles \(\left( {{\bf{5}}{\rm{ }}\mu {\bf{m}}} \right)\) for chromatography?

EXAMPLE- Particles designated \(50/00\)mesh pass through a 50 mesh sieve bou are retained by a lo0 mesh sieve. Their size is in the range 0.150-0.300 mm.

does not pass is retained for your sample. This procedure gives particles whose diameters are in the range \(0.85 - 1.18\;{\rm{mm}}.\) We refer to the size range as \(16/20{\rm{mesh}}.\)

Suppose that much finer particles of \(80/120\)mesh size (average diameter \( = 152\mu {\rm{m}},\) average volume\( = 1.84\;{\rm{nL}}\)) were used instead. Now the mass containing \({10^4}\) particles is reduced from \(11.0to0.0388\;{\rm{g}}.\) We could analyze a larger sample to reduce the sampling uncertainty for chloride.

Barium titanate, a ceramic used in electronics, was analyzed by the following procedure: Into a Pt crucible was placed \(1.2\;{\rm{g}}\)of \({\rm{N}}{{\rm{a}}_2}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3}\) and \(0.8\;{\rm{g}}\)of \({\rm{N}}{{\rm{a}}_2}\;{{\rm{B}}_4}{{\rm{O}}_7}\)plus \(0.3146\;{\rm{g}}\)of unknown. After fusion at \({1000^\circ }{\rm{C}}\)in a furnace for\(30\;{\rm{min}}\), the cooled solid was extracted with \(50\;{\rm{mL}}\)of\(6{\rm{MHCl}}\), transferred to a \(100 - {\rm{mL}}\) volumetric flask, and diluted to the mark. A \(25.00 - {\rm{mL}}\)aliquot was treated with \(5\;{\rm{mL}}\)of \(15\% \)tartaric acid (which complexes \({\rm{T}}{{\rm{i}}^{4 + }}\)and keeps it in aqueous solution) and \(25\;{\rm{mL}}\)of ammonia buffer,\({\rm{pH}}9.5\). The solution was treated with organic reagents that complex\({\rm{B}}{{\rm{a}}^{2 + }}\), and the \({\rm{Ba}}\)complex was extracted into \({\rm{CC}}{{\rm{l}}_4}.\)After acidification (to release the \({\rm{B}}{{\rm{a}}^{2 + }}\) from its organic complex), the \({\rm{B}}{{\rm{a}}^{2 + }}\)was backextracted into\(0.1{\rm{MHCl}}\). The final aqueous sample was treated with ammonia buffer and methylthymol blue (a metal ion indicator) and titrated with \(32.49\;{\rm{mL}}\) of \(0.01144{\rm{M}}\)EDTA. Find the weight per cent of Ba in the ceramic.
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