The equation for the Gaussian curve in Figure 4 - 1is

y=(totalbulbs)(hoursperbar)s2πe-(x-x→)2/2s2

where x¯ is the mean value (845.2h) is the standard deviation (94.2h) , total bulbs = 4768, and hours per bar ( = 20) is the width of each bar in Figure 4 - 1. Set up a spreadsheet like the one with this problem to calculate the coordinates of the Gaussian curve in Figure 4 - 1 from 500to 1200hin 25 - hintervals. Note the heavy use of parentheses in the formula at the bottom of the spreadsheet to force the computer to do the arithmetic as intended. Use Excel to graph your results.

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The graph:

Step by step solution

01

Definition of graph.

The link between lines and points is described by a graph, which is a mathematical description of a network. A graph is made up of points with lines connecting them. It makes no difference how long the lines are or where the points are placed.

02

Find the fraction of people with tumors would have a false negative indication of cancer because K≥0.92 .

The Gaussian curve equation in Figure 4 - 1 is:

y=total/bulbshoursperbars2Ï€

where x¯is the mean value ( 845.2h ) is the standard deviation ( 94.2h ) , total bulbs is equal 4768 and hours per bar is equal 20 .

The required data for graph drawing are shown in table below.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

List the three different cases that we studied for comparison of means, and write the equations used in each case.

(a) Calculate the fraction of bulbs in Figure 4 - 1 expected to have a lifetime greater than 1005.3h.

(b) What fraction of bulbs is expected to have a lifetime between 798.1 and 901.7h?

(c) Use the Excel NORMDIST function to find the fraction of bulbs expected to have a lifetime between 800and 900h.

If each of the four numbers 821,783,834,and855in the example is divided by 2, how will the mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation be affected?

What is the relation between the standard deviation and the precision of a procedure? What is the relation between standard deviation and accuracy?

Logarithmic calibration curve. Calibration data spanning five orders of magnitude for an electrochemical determination of p-nitrophenol are given in the table. (The blank has already been subtracted from the measured current.) If you try to plot these dataon a linear graph extending from 0 to 310μg/mLand from 0 to 5260nA, most of the points will be bunched up near the origin. To handle data with such a large range, a logarithmic plot is helpful.

Overwhatrangeisthelog-logcalibrationlinear?

(a) Make a graph of log (current) versus log( concentration). Over what range is the log-log calibration linear?

(b)FindtheequationoftheLine

InTheform log(current)=m×log(concentration)+b

(c) Find the concentration of p-nitrophenol corresponding to a signal of 99.9nA.

(d) Propagation of uncertainty with logarithm. For a signal of 99.9nA, log (concentration) and its standard uncertainty turn out to be 0.68315±0.04522. With rules for propagation of uncertainty from Chapter 3, find the uncertainty in concentration.

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