Suppose you are given a weighted graph G=(V,E) with a distinguished vertex s and where all edge weights are positive and distinct. Is it possible for a tree of shortest paths from s and a minimum spanning tree in G to not share any edges? If so, give an example. If not, give a reason.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Every vertex of both the weighted graphG=V,Eis"s."Every one of the edge weights remains positive and unique.

Step by step solution

01

Directed Graph

If somehow the weighted graph G is directed, a tree with shortest routes from "s " can exist, and the lowest spanning tree in graph "G " will just not share any edge weights regard as the following scenario. Moreover, judge the following counter-directed graph:

• Using Kruskal's approach, find the least spanning tree. The following is the minimal spanning tree for something like a directed graph:

• Therefore least expense of road 31is"1"cost for path 32is"2,"and cost of path 34is"3"of the presented graph 1+2+3=6.Consider the counter directed graph is given below

02

Shortest path Tree

• Utilising Dijkstra's method, find the optimum from the vertex " 1." The shortest path tree for a directed graph is then shown as follows:


• Our smallest path's edges being, as well as the least cost of path 12is"6"path 12is"6"and path 43is"5"of the given graph 6+4+5=15 .Therefore, the directed graph is possible to find the minimum spanning tree without sharing any edge weights.

03

Undirected Graph

Assuming G seems to be an undirected weighted graph. Then, without expressing any edge weights, finding its minimum spanning tree is impossible. To determine the shortest path tree, MST must share at least one edge weight.

04

Conclusion

• If the weighted graph G is undirected, then use cut property to find the minimum cut edge for shortest paths from “s” and minimum spanning tree in graph “G”. Because, MST is unique and edge weights are distinct.

• According the Dijkstra’s algorithm, the minimum cut edge is needed to find the shortest path tree.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Show that for any integer n that is a power of 2 , there is an instance of the set cover problem (Section 5.4) with the following properties:

  1. There are n elements in the base set.
  2. The optimal cover uses just two sets.
  3. The greedy algorithm picks at least log n sets.

Thus the approximation ratio we derived in the chapter is tight.

Consider an undirected graph G=(V,E)with nonnegative edge weights role="math" localid="1658915178951" we0. Suppose that you have computed a minimum spanning tree of G, and that you have also computed shortest paths to all nodes from a particular node role="math" localid="1658915296891" sV. Now suppose each edge weight is increased by 1: the new weights are w0e=we+1.

(a) Does the minimum spanning tree change? Give an example where it changes or prove it cannot change.

(b) Do the shortest paths change? Give an example where they change or prove they cannot change.

Give You are given a graphG=(V,E)with positive edge weights, and a minimum spanning tree T=(V,E)with respect to these weights; you may assume GandTare given as adjacency lists. Now suppose the weight of a particular edge eE'is modified fromw(e)to a new value w'(e). You wish to quickly update the minimum spanning tree T to reflect this change, without recomputing the entire tree from scratch. There are four cases. In each case give a linear-time algorithm for updating the tree.

(a) eE'and w'(e)>w(e) .

(b) role="math" localid="1658907878059" eE'and w'(e)>w(e) .

(c) role="math" localid="1658907882667" eE'and w'(e)>w(e) .

(d) role="math" localid="1658907887400" eE'and w'(e)>w(e) .

Graphs with prescribed degree sequences. Given a list of n positive integers d1,d2,,dn, we want to efficiently determine whether there exists an undirected graphG=(V,E) whose nodes have degrees preciselyd1,d2,,dn . That is, if V={v1,,vn}, then the degree of vi should be exactly di. We call (d1,,dn) the degree sequence of G. This graph G should not contain self-loops (edges with both endpoints equal to the same node) or multiple edges between the same pair of nodes.

(a) Give an example of d1,d2,d3,d4 where all the di3 and d1+d2+d3+d4 is even, but for which no graph with degree sequence(d1,d2,d3,d4) exists.

(b) Suppose that d1d2d3dn and that there exists a graph G=(V,E) with degree sequence (d1,,dn). We want to show that there must exist a graph that has this degree sequence and where in addition the neighbors of v1 are v2,v3,,vdi+1 . The idea is to gradually transform G into a graph with the desired additional property.

i. Suppose the neighbors ofv1 in Gare not v2,v3,,vdi+1. Show that there exists i<jn and uV and such that {v1,vi},{u,vj}Eand {v1,vj},{u,vi}E

ii. Specify the changes you would make to G to obtain a new graph G'=(V,E') with the same degree sequence as G and where (v1,vi)E'.

iii. Now show that there must be a graph with the given degree sequence but in which v1 has neighbors v2,v3,,vdi+1.

c) Using the result from part (b), describe an algorithm that on input d1,,dn (not necessarily sorted) decides whether there exists a graph with this degree sequence. Your algorithm should run in time polynomial in n and in m=i=1ndi .

In this problem, we will develop a new algorithm for finding minimum spanning trees. It is based upon the following property:

Pick any cycle in the graph, and let e be the heaviest edge in that cycle. Then there is a minimum spanning tree that does not contain e.

(a) Prove this property carefully.

(b) Here is the new MST algorithm. The input is some undirected graph G=(V,E) (in adjacency list format) with edge weights {we}.sort the edges according to their weights for each edge eE, in decreasing order of we:

if e is part of a cycle of G:

G = G - e (that is, remove e from G )

return G , Prove that this algorithm is correct.

(c) On each iteration, the algorithm must check whether there is a cycle containing a specific edge . Give a linear-time algorithm for this task, and justify its correctness.

(d) What is the overall time taken by this algorithm, in terms of |E|? Explain your answer.

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