(Employee Class) Create a class called Employee that includes three pieces of information as data members - a first name (type string), a last name (type string) and a monthly salary (type int). \([\text {Note: In subsequent chapters, we'll use numbers that contain decimal points (e.g., } 2.75)-\) called floating-point values - to represent dollar amounts.] Your class should have a constructor that initializes the three data members. Provide a set and a get function for each data member. If the monthly salary is not positive, set it to 0. Write a test program that demonstrates class Employee's capabilities. Create two Employee objects and display each object's yean \(y\) salary. Then give each Employee a 10 percent raise and display each Employee's yearly salary again.

Step by step solution

01

Define the Employee Class

Begin by defining a class called 'Employee'. Within the class, declare three private data members: 'firstName', 'lastName', and 'monthlySalary'. All of which should be appropriately typed according to the specifications (string for the names and int for the salary). It's important to make these private to encapsulate the data and ensure that it can only be accessed through the class methods.

02

Create the Constructor

Create a constructor for the Employee class that takes three parameters (for the first name, last name, and monthly salary) and initializes the data members. In the constructor, also include a check to ensure that the 'monthlySalary' is positive. If it isn't, set it to 0.

03

Implement Set and Get Functions

Provide public member functions (setters and getters) for each of the three data members. The setters should include a check for the 'monthlySalary' to ensure that it does not get set to a negative value.

04

Define a Method to Calculate Yearly Salary

Add a member function to the Employee class that calculates the yearly salary. Simply multiply the 'monthlySalary' by 12 to obtain this. Additionally, ensure that the value is non-negative as per the previous steps.

05

Create a Method to Increase Salary

Write a method in the Employee class to increase the employee's salary by a certain percentage. This method will accept a percentage value and then apply this increase to the 'monthlySalary'.

06

Write Test Code

Create a test program ('main' function) where you instantiate two Employee objects with given names and salaries. Print out each employee's yearly salary. Then, apply a 10 percent raise using the method created in step 5 and print out the new yearly salaries for both employees.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

C++ Object-Oriented Programming

C++ is a versatile programming language that supports Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), a paradigm that structures programs using objects representing real-world entities. In OOP, objects are instances of classes, which define the attributes and behaviors that the objects can have.

Through encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism, C++ enables developers to create versatile and powerful programs. For instance, in the Employee Class exercise, encapsulation is used to protect the integrity of the data by making it private and only accessible through member functions. Using classes, C++ programmers can model real-world entities such as employees, giving structure and organization to complex programs.

Class Constructors

A constructor in C++ is a special member function that initializes objects of the class. Constructors share the name with the class and have no return type, not even void. They are called automatically when an object is created.

In our Employee Class example, the constructor receives first name, last name, and monthly salary as parameters and sets the class’s data members accordingly. If the monthly salary is not positive, the constructor initializes it to 0, ensuring the data remains in a valid state right from the object's creation.

Encapsulation in C++

Encapsulation is a fundamental principle of OOP, referring to the bundling of data with the methods that operate on that data. It restricts direct access to some of an object's components, which is a preventative measure against unintended interference and misuse.

In the Employee class, encapsulation is demonstrated by marking the data members as private. This means they cannot be accessed or modified directly from outside the class, and all interaction must go through public member functions (setters and getters). Encapsulation enhances the maintenance and flexibility of the code while promoting security and data integrity.

Member Functions

Member functions or methods are functions defined inside a class that manipulate an object's internal state. These include constructor, accessor (getters), mutator (setters), and any other functions that perform operations on class data.

In the provided solution, member functions include the getters and setters for employee’s names and salary, a function to calculate the yearly salary, and another to apply a raise. The encapsulation ensures that these member functions are the only way to interact with the private data members of the Employee class.

Data Abstraction

Data abstraction can be thought of as an extension of encapsulation—it involves providing only the necessary details to the outside world while hiding the implementation details. The concept allows programmers to change the internal workings of a class without affecting any external code that uses the class.

In our exercise, data abstraction is implied in the way members’ salaries are processed. The inner workings of the salary calculations and raise applications are hidden behind member functions. Users of the Employee class need not know how the yearly salary is calculated; they only need to know which function to call to get the result.