A parking garage charges a \$2.00 minimum fee to park for up to three hours. The garage charges an additional \$0.50 per hour for each hour or part thereof in excess of three hours. The maximum charge for any given 24-hour period is \$10.00. Assume that no car parks for longer than 24 hours at a time. Write a program that calculates and prints the parking charges for each of three customers who parked their cars in this garage yesterday. You should enter the hours parked for each customer. Your program should print the results in a neat tabular format and should calculate and print the total of yesterday’s receipts. The program should use the function calculate Charges to determine the charge for each customer. Your outputs should appear in the following format: $$\begin{array}{lrr} \text { Car } & \text { Hours } & \text { Charge } \\ 1 & 1.5 & 2.00 \\ 2 & 4.0 & 2.50 \\ 3 & 24.0 & 10.00 \\ \text { TOTAL } & 29.5 & 14.50 \end{array}$$

Step by step solution

01

Define the Function to Calculate Charges

Create a function called calculateCharges that takes the number of hours parked as input and returns the parking charge based on the given conditions. Within the function, check if the hours are within the 3-hour minimum fee. If so, return the minimum fee of \(2.00. If more than 3 hours, calculate the additional charge at a rate of \)0.50 per hour for each hour or part thereof in excess of three. Add this to the minimum fee and return the total, making sure it does not exceed the maximum charge of $10.00.

02

Collect Input for Each Customer

Prompt for and collect the hours parked for each of the three customers. This could be done through a user interface if it's a program, or by setting a variable in a script if the input is predefined.

03

Calculate Charges for Each Customer

Use the calculateCharges function to determine the parking charges for each customer. Store the results along with the customer number and hours parked.

04

Display the Results in a Tabular Format

Print the results using the specified table format. Ensure that each row contains the car number, the hours parked, and the charge calculated by the function.

05

Calculate and Display the Total Receipts

Add up all the charges to get the total for the day's receipts. Also, sum the hours to get the total hours parked. Print these totals in the last row of the table under the 'TOTAL' label.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Function Implementation

In C++ programming, function implementation is a fundamental concept that involves defining the operations that a function performs. In the context of our garage parking charge calculator, a function named calculateCharges is critical.

During the implementation, the function takes one argument, the number of hours a car is parked, and returns a floating-point number representing the charge. It begins with checking if the parking time is within the three-hour minimum. If so, it returns the minimum fee. However, if the time exceeds three hours, it adds an additional fee for each extra hour or part thereof. The function smartly caps the fee at a predefined maximum limit to not exceed the daily maximum charge. This approach to function implementation keeps the main program clean and offloads the specific task to a manageable, reusable block of code.

Conditional Logic

Conditional logic is a programming construct that allows a program to execute different code paths based on certain conditions. In our C++ solution, if statements, a type of conditional logic, evaluate whether the parking time falls within various charge tiers.

For instance, if a customer's parking time is three hours or less, a condition checks for this and applies the minimum fee. For parking times above three hours, another condition calculates the additional fee, and yet another one ensures the maximum fee isn't surpassed. The use of these conditional statements ensures the program's output accurately reflects the varied parking scenarios presented by the garage's pricing structure.

Loop Constructs

Loop constructs in programming enable developers to execute a block of code multiple times. In this parking charge calculator, even though our example doesn't explicitly include a loop construct, one would typically use a loop to process the parking charges for multiple customers.

If we were to extend our program to handle an arbitrary number of customers, a loop would iterate over the collection of parking times, applying the calculateCharges function to each. This is how one would accumulate the total charges and collective parking duration, demonstrating the efficiency and necessity of loops in handling repetitive tasks within a program.

Input/Output Handling

Input and output handling is critical in C++ for interacting with users and displaying results. In our solution, input handling involves prompting and collecting the number of hours each customer parked. This can be conducted using std::cin or another input stream if we are working with a user interface.

The output is then presented in an organized table format using std::cout, showcasing the hour and charge information for each car. The program displays this in a layout that's easily interpreted, with careful consideration to both the precision of floating-point numbers and the aesthetics of tabular alignment—key aspects of input/output handling.