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Chapter 1: Problem 21

Write a short C++ function that takes an integer \(n\) and returns the sum of all the odd integers smaller than \(n\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
Define a function that iterates through all integers less than `n`, checks if they are odd, adds them to a sum, and returns the sum.

Step by step solution

01

- Function Declaration

Declare a function named `sumOfOddIntegers` that takes an integer parameter `n` and returns an integer. The function signature should be: `int sumOfOddIntegers(int n);`
02

- Initialize Sum

Inside the function, declare a variable `sum` and initialize it to 0. This variable will hold the cumulative sum of all odd integers less than `n`.
03

- Loop through Integers

Use a `for` loop to iterate through all integers from 1 to `n-1`. Inside the loop, check if the current integer is odd by using the modulus operator (`i % 2 != 0`).
04

- Add Odd Integers

If an integer is odd, add it to the `sum` variable. This is done inside the `for` loop.
05

- Return the Result

After the loop ends, return the value of `sum`. This is the final result, the sum of all odd integers less than `n`.
06

- Complete Function

The complete function looks like this:```cppint sumOfOddIntegers(int n) { int sum = 0; for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) { if (i % 2 != 0) { sum += i; } } return sum;}```

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

C++ function
In C++, a function is a reusable block of code that performs a specific task. Functions help to make programs easier to understand, test, and maintain.
Here is the structure to define a function in C++:
  • Return type: The type of value the function will return.
  • Function name: Identifier for calling the function.
  • Parameter list: Variables passed to the function.
  • Function body: Code block that defines what the function does.
In the given problem, we define a function int sumOfOddIntegers(int n) to sum all odd integers less than n.
The 'int' before the function name indicates that this function will return an integer. 'sumOfOddIntegers' is the name of the function and 'int n' means it takes one integer parameter. This is how we declare our function to solve this problem.
Looping structures
Looping structures in C++ are used to repeat a block of code multiple times. C++ supports several types of loops, with the for loop being one of the most common.
In this exercise, we use a for loop to iterate from 1 to n-1. This loop structure looks like this: for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i). It initializes an integer i to 1, checks if i is less than n, and increments i by 1 after each iteration.
This ensures that all integers from 1 up to n-1 are checked. The code inside this loop will execute for each value of i within the specified range.
Conditional statements
Conditional statements let programs make decisions. In C++, a common conditional statement is the if statement.
In the provided solution, we use if (i % 2 != 0) to check if a number is odd. This statement uses the modulus operator (%) to check the remainder when i is divided by 2. If the remainder is not zero (!= 0), then i is odd.
When an integer is found to be odd, it is added to the sum variable within the if block. This enables our function to accumulate the total of all odd integers below n.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which of the following is not a valid \(\mathrm{C}_{+}+\) variable name? (There may be more than one.) a. i_think_j_am_valid b. i.may_have \(2_{-}\) many_digits_2_be_valid c. -1 start.and_end_with_underscores_ d. I_Have_A_Dollar_sign e. I-AM_LONG_AND_HAVENOLOWER_CASE_LETTERS

Write a short C++ function that takes an integer \(n\) and returns the sum of all the integers smaller than \(n\).

Consider the following attempt to allocate a 10 -element array of pointers to doubles and initialize the associated double values to \(0.0 .\) Rewrite the following (incorrect) code to do this correctly. (Hint: Storage for the doubles needs to be allocated.) \\[\begin{array}{l}\text { double* } \mathrm{dp}[10] \\ \text { for (int }\mathrm{i}=0 ; \mathrm{i}<10 ; \mathrm{i}++) \mathrm{dp}[\mathrm{i}]=0.0\end{array}\\]

Write a C++ class, Flower, that has three member variables of type string, int, and float, which respectively represent the name of the flower, its number of pedals, and price. Your class must include a constructor method that initializes each variable to an appropriate value, and your class should include functions for setting the value of each type, and getting the value of each type.

Write a short \(\mathrm{C}++\) function, isMultiple, that takes two long values, \(n\) and \(m,\) and returns true if and only if \(n\) is a multiple of \(m,\) that is, \(n=m \cdot i\) for some integer \(i\).
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