Let B be the language of properly nested parentheses and brackets. For example,is in B but []is not. Show that B is in L.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Every pair of matching parentheses or the brackets must be of the same kind.

Step by step solution

01

Introduce nested parenthesis and L languages

"Nested" parentheses are parentheses that are contained within another parenthesis. The simplification procedure is the same as it was in the previous page simpler examples, but we must be a little more cautious as we work our way through the grouping symbols.

02

B is in L. 

First, repeat the preceding Exercise technique, replacing [and] with (and). After that, locate matching pairs by repeating the technique for each left parenthesis or brackets in input (by starting the count at that point).

Reject those that are of a different sort and accept the rest.

03

Final answer

Therefore, when completing the previously mentioned technique on each leftparenthesis/bracket, we employ an extra counter to keep track of our progress by counting how far we moved."

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Show that ANFA is NL-complete.

Show that any PSPACE-hard language is also NP-hard

Consider the following two-person version of the language that was described in Problem 7.28. Each player starts with an ordered stack of puzzle cards. The players take turns placing the cards in order in the box and may choose which side faces up. Player I wins if all hole positions are blocked in the final stack, and Player II wins if some hole position remains unblocked. To prove that the problem of determining which player has a winning strategy for a given starting configuration of the cards is PSPACE-Complete.

The game of Nim is played with a collection of piles of sticks. In one move, aplayer may remove any nonzero number of sticks from a single pile. The players alternately take turns making moves. The player who removes the very last stick loses. Say that we have a game position in Nim with k piles containing s1,.....,sksticks. Call the position balanced if each column of bits contains an even number of 1s when each of the numbers s , is written in binary, and the binary numbers are written as rows of a matrix aligned at the low order bits. Prove the following two facts.

  1. Starting in an unbalanced position, a single move exists that changes theposition into a balanced one.
  2. Starting in a balanced position, every single move changes the position intoan unbalanced one.

Let NIM={s1,...,sk|each siis a binary number and Player I has a winningstrategy in the Nim game starting at this position}. Use the preceding facts about balanced positions to show that NIMLis missing.

Show that PSPACE is closed under the operations union, complementation, and star.

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