Let CONNECTED={<G>|Gisaconnectedundirectedgraph}.Analyse the algorithm given on page 185 to show that this language is in .

Short Answer

Expert verified

The nodes are marked in all lines differently with marked, which can necessary so much time to scanned from the list of 2,3,4....

Step by step solution

01

ToConnected Undirected Graph

The technique for finding a solution runs in timenk, wherek is a constant, the problem is said to be in P.

02

To Step the Constant Time

The very first node is picked but also noted in the very first line.

The nodes are marked in the second and third lines until all of the nodes are marked, which will require a lot of time. If there are n nodes, the nodes are scanned from the list 2,3,4,...,...,...up ton-1.

The order of neighbours for each node will be order of n. Therefore, the following order will be established. n3inspections.

Throughout line4, every node being examined to see if they are all marked or not.

This should take an order of n of time.One such method relates toPsincetheorderisn3 .The nodes are marked in all lines differently with marked, which can necessary so much time to scanned from the list of 2,3,4....

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Most popular questions from this chapter

For a cnf-formula with m variables and cclauses O(cm) , show that you can construct in polynomial time an NFA with states that accept all nonsatisfying assignments, represented as Boolean strings of length m. Conclude that P≠NP implies that NFAs cannot be minimized in polynomial time.

Show that NPis closed under union and concatenation.

A cut in an undirected graph is a separation of the vertices V into two disjoint subsets S and T . The size of a cut is the number of edges that have one endpoint in S and the other in T . Let MAX-CUT=<G,K>|Ghasacutofsizekormore.

Show that MAX-CUT is NP-complete. You may assume the result of Problem 7.26. (Hint: Show thatSATPMAXCUT. The variable gadget for variable x is a collection of 3c nodes labeled with x and another nodes labeled with x . The clause gadget is a triangle of three edges connecting three nodes labeled with the literals appearing in the clause. Do not use the same node in more than one clause gadget. Prove that this reduction works.)

Call graphsGandH isomorphic if the nodes of Gmay be reordered so that it is identical to H.

Let ISO=hG,Hi|GandHareisomorphicgraphs.Show that ISONP.

Let ? be a 3cnf-formula. An ≠-assignment to the variables of ? is one where each clause contains two literals with unequal truth values. In other words, an ≠ -assignment satisfies ? without assigning three true literals in any clause.

a. Show that the negation of any ≠ -assignment to ? is also an ≠ -assignment.

b. Let ≠ SAT be the collection of 3cnf-formulas that have an ≠ -assignment. Show that we obtain a polynomial time reduction from 3SAT to ≠ SAT by replacing each clause ci

(y1y2y3)$$

with the two clauses

(y1y2zi)and(zi¯y3b)

Where ziis a new variable for each clause,ci and b is a single additional new variable.

c. Conclude that SATisNP-complete.

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