Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements (based on Section 1.6 ): a) Objects have the property of ________----although objects may know how to communicate with one another across well-defined interfaces, they normally are not allowed to know how other objects are implemented. b) Java programmers concentrate on creating _________which contain fields and the set of methods that manipulate those fields and provide services to clients. c) The process of analyzing and designing a system from an object-oriented point of view is called ______. d) With _______ new classes of objects are derived by absorbing characteristics of existing classes, then adding unique characteristics of their own. e)________is a graphical language that allows people who design software systems to use an industry standard notation to represent them. f) The size, shape, color and weight of an object are considered_______ of the object’s class.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Encapsulation

Encapsulation ensures that an object's internal workings (its implementation) are hidden from other objects. It is a fundamental principle in object-oriented programming that helps in keeping the internal state of an object safe from unintended interference and misuse.

02

Recognizing Java Programming Focus

In Java, programmers create classes. Classes act as blueprints for objects and consist of fields (variables) and methods (functions) which define the object's properties and behavior.

03

Identifying Object-Oriented Analysis

The process through which a system is reviewed and organized from an object-oriented perspective is known as object-oriented analysis. It involves examining the system to define the objects that represent real-world entities and their interactions.

04

Understanding Inheritance

Inheritance is a mechanism in OOP where a new class inherits attributes and methods from an existing class, allowing the new class to have a base set of characteristics while also adding its unique features.

05

Knowing About UML

Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a standardized visual language used to model and document software systems. It provides a uniform set of diagrams and symbols to describe the structure of software projects.

06

Defining Object's Class Attributes

Attributes of an object's class describe its properties or characteristics. These include physical traits such as size, shape, color, and weight.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

• Full Textbook Solutions

  Get detailed explanations and key concepts

• Unlimited Al creation

  Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

• Ads-free access

  To over 500 millions flashcards

• Money-back guarantee

  We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Encapsulation

Encapsulation is akin to a protective barrier that guards the specifics of an object's internal state within a program. Imagine it as a capsule, sealing away the complex details and exposing only necessary functionalities. Operationally, objects communicate through well-defined interfaces, akin to choosing a soda from a vending machine without knowing the intricate workings behind it.

In Java, this is achieved by defining private fields and public methods within classes. These private fields store an object's data, and the public methods, often referred to as getters and setters, allow access to the data in a controlled manner. This shielding helps maintain integrity and prevents unwanted access from external functions or classes.

Java Classes

In the realm of Java, classes are akin to blueprints for creating objects, much like architectural plans are for buildings. Think of a class as a template that outlines the necessary components and behaviors that objects created from it will possess.

These components, known as fields or attributes, represent the state of an object (like the number of wheels on a bicycle), whereas the behaviors are captured in methods, which can equate to abilities or functions (like the ability for the bicycle to brake or accelerate). Through classes, Java enables a structured approach to programming by encapsulating data and functions together.

Object-Oriented Analysis

Object-oriented analysis is the magnifying glass through which software developers scrutinize a problem space to identify objects and their interconnections that simulate real-world scenarios. This meticulous analysis marks the initial stage in the planning of an object-oriented system where one seeks to understand the domain, much like a detective piecing together clues at a crime scene.

By isolating real-world entities as objects with specific roles, responsibilities, and communications, developers can map out an intricate web of interactions that the finished software will ultimately replicate. This crucial phase ensures that the system is built on a solid foundation of well-defined objects, promoting maintainability and scalability.

Inheritance

Inheritance in object-oriented programming is comparable to genetic inheritance, where offspring inherit traits from their parents. It allows a new class, known as a subclass or derived class, to absorb and utilize the characteristics and behaviours of an existing class, the superclass or base class.

This inheritance makes reusing code a breeze by allowing subclasses to inherit methods and attributes without rewriting them, while also enabling the addition of new features or the modification of existing ones. The result is a hierarchical organization of classes that reduces redundancy and enables more complex behaviors to be constructed in an incremental manner.

Unified Modeling Language (UML)

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) serves as the lingua franca for software developers to graphically sketch out the structure and design of a software system. Think of it as a set of drawing tools that helps bring abstract concepts and software architecture into a clear visual format.

Various UML diagrams, like class diagrams, use-case diagrams, and sequence diagrams, provide diverse perspectives of the system, ranging from high-level designs to detailed behavioral representations. This shared graphical language streamlines communication among stakeholders and aids in both the conceptualization and documentation of complex software systems.

Class Attributes

Class attributes can be thought of as the characteristics that give an object in a program its identity, much like how an individual's characteristics like height and eye color distinguish them from others. These attributes, defined within a class, signify the state of an object and could include various data types like numbers, strings, or more complex data structures.

Attributes are accessible and manipulable through methods within the class, facilitating the portrayal of real-world entities in a logical and structured manner. Ably defining these attributes is key to creating objects that are true to the intended behavior and functionality of their real-world counterparts.